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常用的前缀和后缀，部分国家（或地区）、语言、国民及国籍表，洲名及常见缩写词一、常用的前缀和后缀1、常用前缀aero-：concerningtheairofaircraftplane-aeroplane飞机space-aerospace航空空间anti-：against；oppositeofnuclear-antinuclear反对核武器的matter-antimatter反物质war-antiwar反战的auto-：oforbyoneselfbiography传记–autobiography自传criticism批评-autocriticism自我反省be-：totreatasthestatedthingfriend-befriend以朋友的方式对待；照顾little-belittle使显得微小，轻视、贬低bi-：two；twice；doublelingual-bilingual双语的；人cycle-bicyclebio-：concerninglivingthingschemistry-biochemistry生化sphere-biosphere生物圈by-，bye-：lessimportantproduce-by-produceway-byway偏僻小路；学科的次要领域，冷门centi-：hundredthpartgrade-centigradeˈ摄氏meter-centimeter厘米co-：together，withauthor-coauthor合著者，合著exist-coexist同时共存、和平共处col-：(usedbeforel)together，withlocation-collocation排列，配置，词的搭配com-：(usedbeforeb，m，p)together，withpassion-compassion怜悯、同情con-：together，withcentric-concentric同一中心的、同轴federation-confederation结盟同盟，联邦contra-：oppositediction-contradiction矛盾、否定反驳natural-contranatural违背自然的cor-：(usedbeforer)together，withrelate-correlate有相关性respond-correspond相符合相一致，相当类似通信counter-：oppositeact-counteract对抗、抵消attack-counterattack反攻、反击cross-：across；goingbetweenthestatedthingsandjoiningthemcountry-crosscountry越野的breed-crossbreed杂种，使杂交de-：showinganopposite；toremove；toreducecode-decode译码、解码、分析电子信号value-devalue贬值，贬低dis-：not；theoppositeofadvantage-disadvantage不利、劣势、短处agree-disagree不同意、不一致、不适合honest-dishonest不诚实、不老实em-：(usedbeforeb，m，p)tocausetobecomebody-embody表现、象征；包括、包含power-empower授权、准许en-：tocausetobecome；tomakedanger-endanger危及、使遭受危险large-enlarge扩大、扩充放大ex-：former(andstillliving)minister-ex-ministerv辅助;服侍,部长wife-ex-wife前妻extra-：outside；beyondcurricular-extracurricular学校课程以外的ordinary-extraordinary奇怪；特别；额外，临时fore-：inadvance，before；inoratthefrontarm-forearm前臂，预先武装warn-forewarn预先警告；事先告知il-：(usedbeforel)notlegal-illegal非法literate-illiterate目不识丁、文盲的im-：(usedbeforeb，m，p)notmoral-immoral不道德、邪恶；放荡的possible-impossible不可能、办不到的；很难接受in-：notdirect-indirect间接地，婉转的sensitive-insensitive感觉迟钝，不友好的；麻木infra-：belowinarange；beyondred-infrared红外线的structure—infrastructure基础设施，基础结构inter-：between；amongchange—interchange互换、互易；交替变换national—international国际的intra-：inside，within；intocity—intracity市内的department--intra-departmentir-：（usedbeforer）notregular—irregular不对称、不规则的；不定期的responsible—irresponsible不负责kilo-：thousandgram—kilogram千克meter--kilometer千米macro-：large，esp.concerningawholesystemratherthanparticularpartsofeconomics—macroeconomics宏观经济学structure—macrostructure宏观结构mal-：badorbadlyfunction—malfunction故障，障碍treat—maltreat虐待、滥用micro-：extremelysmallcomputer—microcomputer微机electronics—microelectronics微电子学mid-：middleday—midday中午night—midnight午夜mini-：small；shortbus—minibus小汽车skirt—miniskirt超短裙mis-：badorbadly；wrongorwronglyfortune—misfortune不幸，厄运；灾难、灾祸understand—misunderstand误会误解mono-：one；singleplane—monoplane单翼机tone—monotone单调的multi-：morethanone；manypurpose—multipurpose多种用途的，多目标national—multinational多国的，跨国公司non-：notresident--non(-)resident〉①不住在某地的②(指工作)不要求任职者住在工作地点的；不住在旅馆等中的sense—nonsense胡说，无聊的事物out-：outside；beyondlive--outlive比(某人)长寿;活到(某事)已被遗忘door—outdoor户外的露天over-：toomuch；above；additionalhead--overhead离地面的;头顶上的;上空的,架空的time--overtime超出的时间;额外的时间费poly-：manycentric—polycentric多中心的syllabic—polysyllabic多音节的post-：laterthan；aftergraduate—postgraduate研究生的，生war—postwar战后的pre-：before；inadvancepay—prepay预付war—prewar战前的，在战前pro-：infavorof，supportingAmerica--pro-Americaabortion--pro-abortion早产pseudo-：notreal；falsename—pseudonym假名，化名；笔名science—pseudoscience伪科学re-：again；backtotheformerstateunite—reunite重聚，再联合use—reuse再用self-：bymeansofoneselforitself；of，to，with，for，orinoneselforitselfemployed--self-employedtaught--self-taughtsemi-：half；partlycircle—semicircle半圆形final—semifinal半决赛step-：notbybirthbutthroughaparentwhohasremarriedmother—stepmother继母children—stepchildren养子sub-：under，below；lessimportant；partofthestatedbiggerwholedivide—subdivide再分，细分section--subsection分部,分段,小部分,小单位,细分super-：more，larger，greaterthanusualmarket—supermarket超市natural—supernatural超自然的，超自然的现象tele-：atoroveralongdistance；byorfortelevisioncommunication—telecommunication电信screen--telescreentherm(o)-：concerningheatchemistry--thermochemistrymeter—thermometer温度计trans-:across,onortotheothersideof;betweenAtlantic-transatlantic电视屏幕,荧光屏plant-transplant移植tri-:three;threetimesangular-triangular三角cycle-tricycle三轮车,机器三轮车ultra-:beyond;very,extremelymodern-ultramodern超现代化的sound-ultrasound超声，超声波un-:notcertain-uncertain不确定的fortunate-unfortunate不幸的，不幸的人under-:toolittle;belowdevelop-underdevelop(使)发展不完全,(使)显影不足sea-undersea海面下的uni-:one,singerform-uniform制服，相同的，清一色的directional-unidirectional单向的，单向性的vice-:nextintherank;belowchairman-vice-chairman副委员长president-vice-president副总统，副校长2.常用后缀（1）名词后缀-ability，-ibility能力able-abilityflexible-flexibility弹性,适应性,机动性,挠性-age时期post-postage邮费，邮资short-shortage不足-alarrive-arrival到达,抵达；物refuse-refusal拒绝-an，-ian，-arian员；人library-librarianmusic-musician-ance，-enceappear-appearancerefer-reference人-ancy，-encyemerge-emergency紧急情况expect-expectancy期望-ant，-ent人apply-applicant申请求职人correspond-correspondent通信员记者-cyaccurate-accuratcy精确的,准确private-praivit]privacyˈ隐居,独处私事,隐私