工程电磁场课程设计——基于ANSYS软件的有限元分析法高超2010302540283电气工程与自动化2010级10班13163293933734215548@qq.com一、基本知识学习总结:1、UtilityMenu实用菜单SAVE_DB存储数据库RESUME_DB恢复数据库SelectEntity选择实体Comp/Assembly组元/集合Plot/Replot画图/重新画图Pan,Zoom,Rotate…平移,缩放,旋转…WorkPlane(WP)工作平面CoordinateSystem(CS)坐标系Macro宏Preference()…优先设置…Preprocessor(Pre7)前处理GeneralPostproc(Post1)通用后处理Solution(Solu)求解模块TimeHistPostproc(Post26)时间历程后处理Optim……优化模块2、分析步骤(1)建模:A.重名文件名(/title,xx或者FileChangeTitle…)B.设定分析范围(mainmenupreferences:electrics)C.建立数学模型,并进行物理剖分析(2)加载求解器A.计入求解器B.定义分析类型:C.定义分析属性D.加载E.保存数据库F.开始求解G.世家附加载荷:若想施加额外的负载条件,重复执行H.完成求解(3)读取结果,进入后处理模块二、实验项目(一)静电场分析——求圆柱截流导线周围的电场和对地电容功能:主要能解决有电荷分布以及电压所引起的电场和电势(电压)分布以及多导体系统的部分电容。1、分析步骤:如上2、静电场分析——电容计算方法A.定义式:C=Q/UQ—带等量异号电荷的两导体的电量,U—两导体间的电压。B.能量法:C2𝑊(𝑈1𝑈0)2W—两导体系统的电场能量,U1,U0—两导体间的电压C.ANSYS中的CMATRIX宏命令:cmatrixGUI:MainMenuSolutionSolveElectromagnetStaticAnalysisCapacMatrix3、模型描述:求无限长载流导线附近的电场分布,无限长载流导线截面为圆柱形,周围为空气介质,平面位置和尺寸如图8(a)所示,R0=100mm,h=5m,H=50m。空气的相对电容率为εr=1,导线的相对电容率为εr=1。边界和激励设置:将大地和无限远处作为求解边界。求解区域外围空气(5倍的模型尺寸)设置为截断边界,边界上的电位为0V。导线截面内所有的电位均相等,导线为一等势体,电位设置为100V,图8(b)为模型总体示意图。4、模型分析原理:利用镜像法与等电轴法建立数学模型,如图等效电轴位置:√等效电容为:()d=2h即:将单输电线对地电容等效为双输电线之间的电容计算。,所以单极导线对地电容C=25、编程命令1、确定文件名,选择研宄范围点击UtilityMenuFileChangeTitle,输入你的文件名。点击MainMenuPreferences,选择Electric。2、定义参数:(ansyscommandwindows或者UtilityMenuParametersScalarParameters)h=5R0=0.1D_2=sqrt(h**2-R0**2)U=100d=2*hb=h-D_2pi=atan(1)*4epsilon=8.854187817*10**(-12)C0=2*pi*epsilon/log((d-(R0+b))/(R0-b))tau=C0*U3、定义单元类型:MainMenuPreprocessorElementTypeAdd/Edit/Delete图8(a)无限长导线模型尺寸图8(b)无限长导线电场计算模型示意图点击Add,选择Electrostatic和2DQuad121(二维四边形单元plane121)------------------[ET,1,PLANE121]ET,ITYPE,Ename,KOP1,KOP2,KOP3,KOP4,KOP5,KOP6,INOPRDefinesalocalelementtypefromtheelementlibrary.ET定义单元类型4、定义材料属性:MaterialPropsMaterialModelsElectromagneticsRelativePermittivityConstant:PREX=1(定义相对介电常数)--------------[MP,PERX,1,1]MP,Lab,MAT,C0,C1,C2,C3,C4Definesalinearmaterialpropertyasaconstantorafunctionoftemperature.PREP7:MaterialsLab:Validmaterialpropertylabel有效材料属性包括:弹性模量Elasticmoduli=(EX,EY,EZ)割线热膨胀系数Secantcoefficientsofthermalexpansion(ALPX...)瞬时热膨胀系数Instantaneouscoefficientsofthermalexpansion主要泊松比MajorPoisson'sratios(PRXY…)最小泊松比MinorPoisson'sratios(NUXY)5、创建几何模型:PlotCtrlsNumbering选Keypointnumbers为on,Linenumbers为on,Areanumbers为on,点击OK[/PNUM,KP,1/PNUM,LINE,1/PNUM,AREA,1]/PNUM,Label,KEYControlsentitynumbering/coloringonplots.Label:KP-Keypointnumbersonsolidmodelplots.LINE-Linenumbersonsolidmodelplots(bothnumbersandcolorsonlineplots).AREA-Areanumbersonsolidmodelplots(bothnumbersandcolorsonareaplots).MainMenuPreprocessorModelingCreateLinesArcsByCent&RadiusArclengthindegrees中输入180Numberoflinesinarc中输入2--------------------------------------画一个半圆[circle,1,10*h,,,180]CIRCLE,PCENT,RAD,PAXIS,PZERO,ARC,NSEGGeneratescirculararclines.PCENT-Keypointdefiningthecenterofthecircle(intheplaneofthecircle)RAD-RadiusofthecirclePAXIS;PZERO;ARC;NSEG-Numberoflinesaroundcircumference(defaultstominimumrequiredfor90°-maximumarcs,i.e.,4for360°).NumberofkeypointsgeneratedisNSEGfor360°orNSEG+1forlessthan360°.MainMenuPreprocessorModelingCreateLinesLinesStraightLine选择关键点1,2并点击OK。重复上述操作,选择关键点1,4并点击OK。---------------【l,1,2l,1,4】L,P1,P2,NDIV,SPACE,XV1,YV1,ZV1,XV2,YV2,ZV2Definesalinebetweentwokeypoints.连接关键点。P1---Keypointatthebeginningofline.P2----Keypointattheendofline.MainMenuPreprocessorModelingCreateAreasArbitraryByLines,选择L1,L2,L3,L4,然后点击OK。-----------------------【al,all】AL,L1,L2,L3,L4,L5,L6,L7,L8,L9,L10Generatesanareaboundedbypreviouslydefinedlines.通过已定义的线条生成一个有界区域。L1,L2,L3,...,L10:Listoflinesdefiningarea(Theminimumnumberoflinesis3)(IfL1=ALL,useallselectedlineswithL2definingthenormal)MainMenuPreprocessorModelingCreateAreasCircleSolidCircle,在WPX栏中输入0,在WPY栏中输入h,在Radius栏中输入R0-----------------------------------【cyl4,0,h,R0】CYL4,XCENTER,YCENTER,RAD1,THETA1,RAD2,THETA2,DEPTHCreatesacircularareaorcylindricalvolumeanywhereontheworkingplane.(在工作区域坐标为(x,y)的点上建一个半径为R0的圆)SelectEverything选中所有对象---------------------------【alls】点击MainMenuPreprocessorModelingOperateBooleansOverlapAreas,在弹出的对话框中点击PickAll。---------------------【aovlap,all】AOVLAP,NA1,NA2,NA3,NA4,NA5,NA6,NA7,NA8,NA9Overlapsareas:重叠区域。NA1,NA2,NA3,NA9----Numbersofareastobeoperatedon(IfNA1=ALL,useallselectedareasandignoreNA2toNA9.)6、准备剖分模型MainMenuPreprocessorMeshingMeshTool:SizeControls》Lines:Set:输入1,2NDIV=50,Set:3,4,NDIV=50SPACESPACE=3;Set:5,6,7,8NDIV=20--------------------【lsel,s,radius,,R0;lesize,all,,,20;lsel,s,loc,y,0;lesize,all,,,50,3;lsel,all】LSEL,Type,Item,Comp,VMIN,VMAX,VINC,KSWPSelectsasubsetoflines.选择线段(建立线选择子集Type:LabelidentifyingthetypeofselectS---Selectanewset(default).-建立新的选择集(默认)R---Reselectasetfromthecurrentset.A---Additionallyselectasetandextendthecurrentset.A--选择加入到当前选择集中以扩充当前集U---Unselectasetfromthecurrentset.ALL---Restorethefullset.NONE---Unselectthefullset.INVE---Invertthecurrentset(selectedbecomesunselectedandvicev反选。LESIZE,NL1,SIZE,ANGSIZ,NDIV,SPACE,KFORC,LAYER1,LAYER2,KYNDIVSpecifiesthe