分布式马赫泽德干涉仪的原理与应用研究

华中科技大学博士学位论文分布式马赫-泽德干涉仪的原理与应用研究姓名：袁军国申请学位级别：博士专业：光学工程指导教师：刘德明20061112I206(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)33LabviewDSPCPLDUSB2.0IIIIIAbstractOpticalfibresensingtechnologyhasbeenexpandingrapidlyinthelatestdecades,andisplayinganimportantroleintheareaofmilitary,industryandscientificresearch.Itpossessedtheoutstandingadvantagesbasedonitshighsensitivity,widelydynamicrangeandimmunitytoelectromagneticinterference.Invariouskindsoffibersensorincludingintensity,frequency,wavelengthandpolarizationmodulation,theopticalfiberinterferometersensorhadthemostsensitive.Moreover,thedistributedopticalfiberinterferometervibrationsensorcouldachievecontinuousandhighsensitivedetectingandlocatingofthevibrationsignals,soithasthebroadapplicationprospect.Thispaperconductedresearchanddiscussiononseveralfundmentalproblemsofopticalfibresensing.Thepaperiscomposedof7partsaslistedbelow:(1)Introduction.(2)Thestatusandtrendsofreal-timemonitoringsystemforpipelineleakage.Thesimpleexplanationofdistributedopticalfibersensor.(3)Thedesignforaccuratelycontrollingoutputandfrequencyofthelaserdiodewasinventedininterferometicopticalfibresensing.(4)Themodulationanddemodulationtheoryoftheopticalfiberinterferometersensorhadbeendeducedthroughtheoreticalandexperimentalanalysis.(5)Researchondetectionandsignalprocessingsystemofopticalfibersensor.(6)Conclusion.Inthefirstpart,theprojectwasintroducedsimplyfrombackgroundandtask.Inthesecondpart,onthebasisofreferneces,theauthorgaveanoverviewofstatusandtrendsofreal-timemonitoringsystemforpipelineleakage.Inthethirdpart,afterasimpleexplanationofOpticalfibersensor,emphasiswasgivenonresearchofimportanttechnologyofdistributedopticalfiberinterferometersensor.Inthefourthpart,throughtheoreticalandexperimentalanalysis,theoperationamplifierwithhighS/N,andasemiconductorcoolerwereused.Alaserpowerdrivingsystemwasinvented.Theexperimentaldataindicatethemethodisnotonlysimple,butalsohighlyaccurateandstableintermsoftemperaturecontrol.TheapplicationmaintainstheoutputwavelengthofthelaserdiodeataconstantlevelandassuresthemeasureaccuracyinopticalfiberIVinterferometersensor(OFIS).Inthefifthpartofthepaper,themodulationanddemodulationtheoryoftheopticalfiberinterferometersensorhadbeendeducedandanalyzed.Designedtheschemeofsignaldemodulation,andilluminatedthecharacteristicof3×3couplersdemodulationmethodbythisexperiment.IntroducedanddiscussedtheeffectsofthephasedemodulationmethodsusingtheLabviewsoftware.Inthesixthpart,theauthorhadpaidmuchconcernonthehardwarerealizationofthedataprocessingsystem,whichconsistsofhighperformanceDSPchips,CPLDandUSB2.0interface.Also,eachpartoftherealizationisintroducedparticularly,includingchipchoosing,circuitconnectingandthesoftwareprogram.Onthebasisofthehardwareplatform,theauthorrealizedsignalprocessingofthechildsystemofoutputopticalpowerdetection.Attheendofthispaper,aroughlyconclusionwasgivenbasedontheexperimentalresultandcorrespondingtheoreticalanalysis.Keywords:distributedopticalfibersensorinterferometicMach-Zehndertechnologylaserstemperaturecontrolconstantcurrentsourcethermalelectroniccooler(TEC)signaldemodulationsignalprocessing111.1()[1]1.22080[2]23(DOFSDistributedOpticalFiberSensor)1.11.131.21.21.3DistributedBrillouinSensing(OTDR:OpticalTimeDomainReflectivity)(DistributedBrggSensing)(Mach-Zehnder)4SagnacMichelson20031.4(1)(2)(3)5(4)DSPDSPFIFOCPLDUSB2.062,,,,,,[3],,[4]2.12.1.1(1)60km[5]7(2)[6],(3)[7]2.1.2:,[8],,[9]2.1.3(1)8,,,,,,,[10],300m,6m(2)(GPR),,,,,,,,,,[11](3),,,,[12],2.1.4,,,,[13]2.1.5,9,,,,[14],,,[15],,,,[15],2.2()2070[17]()[18]102.2.1.pH[19]()2.2.2:(1)((Bragg)BraggBraggBraggBraggBragg()λλ[20]11(2)(OpticalTimedomainReflectometry)OTDR[21]()2:1OTDR2(3)(BOTDR)10-5[22].2.2.3(1)1)12[23]2).1-16.[24]3)(PCS)2.1[25]2.1PCS4).25kmDTS[26](2)132.2[27]22.2(3)Mach-Zehnder2.3Mach-Zehnder2.3Mach-Zehnder,14-Mach-Zehnder2.32090UniversityofStrathclydeNationalDefenseAcademyofJapanBatteneMemorialInstituteSagnac(OTDR)(OFDR)[28]Sagnac.:(1)Sagnac15(2)(3)()(4)(5)2.4Mach-Zehnde50km,1633.1,,(),70,,,,4:(1)(2)(3)(4)[29][30]()()[31][32]17(OpticalTimedomainReflectometry)OTDROTDR(OpticalTime-domainReflectometer)[33][34](Reyleigh)(Raman)(Brillouin)OTDR[35],[36],StokesStokesStokesStokes,[37],Brillouin[38]183.2OTDR!3.13.1,,,,.,,.,Y[39]:422/()Yrdσ∝3.1YrdσrdσP0Zz()()()()00()0.5expzsfbPzPSzxxdxαα=−+∫3.2193dB0.5S(z)Z()fxα()bxαZz21tncz×=3.3cn1t(3.2)ZS(z)S(z,t)Z()()()()00(,)0.5,expzsfbPztPSztxxdxαα=−+∫3.4ZZP(z)P(z,t)M()()(,),expMMfzPztPztxdxα=−∫3.5M(3.3)2,203.3Mach-ZehnderOTDROTDR2,OTDRMach-Zehnder-,3.3.13.23dB1:1333.2Mach-Zehnder21[40]12122cos()IIIIIφ=++∆3.60Sεφ12120cos()sIIIIIεφφφ=+++3.70Sεφ()()300111221132kunknuPuPPLEEϕ∆=+−+−3.8PLP11,P12n[41]223.3.2Mach-Zehnder()ft2002()()exp22IIωωωωπω−=−∆∆3.9ω∆0ω11xHEαk221()cosxxdEkftLdβαω=−−3.102()sinyydLEkftLdcβαω∆=−−3.11[42][]22120120()()2()cos2()IkkIkkIvτγτπτατ=++−3.12(/)(/)2(/)xyddddLLcτβωβω=−−∆3.131k2k211coskkα=−2sinkkα=()γτ()Iω()0220()()exp(2)expexp22Ivjvdvjvγτπτωτπτ∞=−∆=−−∫3.1422()exp2ωτγτ∆=−3.15()γτ()0ατ=22220022200()(1)cossin1sin(2)expcos()2IkIkIkkIτααωταωτ=−+∆+−−