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1.takeplace1)发生Wasthereanybodypassingbywhentheaccidenttookplace?2）举行Thesingerwasill.Theperformancedidn’ttakeplaceafterall.2.beautybeautifulbeautifyv美化3.harvestn/v收获，收割Thefarmerhiredextraworkersfortheharvest.agoodharvest丰收harvester收割机/人Wewillharvestthefruitinautumn.4.celebrate庆祝Weheldapartytocelebrateoursuccess.celebrationn.congratulate祝贺congratulatesb.on(doing)sth.I~himonpassingtheexam.congratulation5.starvev.1)挨饿;饿死Millionsofpeoplestarvedtodeathduringthewar.2)(使某人)得不到某事物而受苦或渴望获得某事物;缺乏Thehomelesschildrenwerestarvedforlove.3)tofeelveryhungry感觉很饿,仅用于进行时态Whenwilldinnerbeready?I’mstarving.starvationn.[U]饿死dieofstarvationstarvationwages不够维持基本生活的工资6.origin起源，由来，起因Whatwastheoriginoftheaccident?Theoriginsoflifeonearth可用做可数名词或不可数名词,通常用作复数形式originaladj.原始的7.religious1）宗教上的，信奉宗教的Mostwesternpeoplehavereligiousbeliefs.2)虔诚的Sheisaveryreligiousperson.religionn.8.inmemoryof纪念Themuseumwasbuiltinmemoryofthefamousscientist.inhonorofinpraiseofincelebrationofinsearchofinneedofinfavourofinchargeof9.belief1)信任;信心[U]Ihavestrongbeliefinmyfuture.2)信仰[C]religiousbeliefs宗教信仰beyondbelief难以置信believev.10.dressup盛装，打扮Youshoulddressupwhenyoutakepartintheparty.dress给…穿衣服dresssb./oneselfWakeupchildrenanddressthem.Hurryupandgetdressed.（动态）Thegirlwasdressedinred.（静态）11.trick1)n.诡计，花招Theyhadtothinkofatricktogetpassedtheguards.do/performatrick玩把戏2)n.窍门，招数Dailypracticeisthetrickinlearningaforeignlanguage.3）vt.欺骗，诈骗ShetrickedtheSnowWhiteintoeatingthepoisonedapple.Themantrickedtheoldwomanoutofallhermoney.tricksbintosth/doingsth诱骗某人做某事tricksb.outofsth诱骗某人某物12.playatrick/trickson…捉弄…戏弄….Thenaughtyboylovesplayingtricksonothers.13.poet诗人LiBaiisagreatpoetwhowrotemanyfamouspoems.14.arrival1）到达，到来Thearrivalofthetrainis9:00.Onourarrivalatthefarm,wewerewelcomedbythefarmers.2)到达者Theywentouttowelcomethenewarrivals.anewarrival=ababyarrivev15.gain1）获得Hegainedfullmarksintheexam.2)赢得Thescientistgainedtherespectofhisstudents.Nopains,nogains.16.independence独立，自主IndiagainedindependencefromBritainin1947.dependvdependentadjindependentadj独立的，自主的bedependenton/upon依靠beindependentof不受…支配的不依赖的17.gather1）搜集Thewriterisgatheringmaterialsforhisworks.2)集合Theteachergatheredthestudentsaroundher.3)聚集Thecloudsaregathering.【辨析】collect指有计划,有选择地收集。Hecollectsstamps.18.award1）v.授予，判定TheyawardedhimthetitleofHero.EinsteinwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforPhysics.Therefereeawardedafreekick.2）n.奖，奖品ShegotthefirstawardintheEnglishcontest.Theawardfortheyear’sbestactresswasayoungwoman.awardsb.sth.=awardsthtosb.奖赏某人某物辨析:award和rewardaward后接双宾语reward奖赏,给……报酬,不能接双宾语;rewardsb.forsth.因……奖赏某人；rewardsb.withsth.用某物酬劳某人Sherewardedherselfwithacupofcoffeeafterawholemorning’shardwork.19.produce1)v生产Thefactoryproduces1,000carsaweek.2）n产品,尤指农产品Theshopsellsonlyfreshlocalproduce.product产品production产量productive多产的，生产的aproductivewriter20.admire1)钦佩,羡慕Wealladmirehimforhiscourageandbravery.admiresb.forsth.在某方面钦佩某人2)欣赏Iadmireyourpoemsverymuch.3)赞美Headmiredhernewdress.admirationn.21.lookforwardto(doing)sth.期待着(做)某事ChildrenarelookingforwardtoSpringFestival.He’slookingforwardtohearingfromhispenpal.22.dayandnight日夜;昼夜;整天Hermotherisill.Shehastotakecareofherdayandnightinthehospital.23.clothing服装（总称，除衣裤还包括鞋帽）anarticleofclothing一件衣服Thecostoffood,clothingandshelterishigh.辨析:cloth,clothes,clothing1)cloth指做衣服等用的材料,如布料,毛料,丝绸等,不可数。“一块布料”是apieceofcloth.注意:cloth指具体用途的布时,可与冠词连用。atablecloth一块桌布adishcloth一块擦碗布2)clothes指具体的衣服,包括上衣,裤子等,不能与不定冠词或数词连用,但可与物主代词,指示代词,少数不定代词连用。作主语时,谓语用复数形式。Hewearsfineclothes.他穿着很讲究。3)clothing是衣服,服装的总称,是集合名词。作主语时候,谓语动词用单数形式。如果要表示“一件衣服”时,可以说anarticleofclothing或apieceofclothing,但不能用asuitofclothing那家商店卖童装。Theshopsellschildren'sclothing.24.asthoughasthough和asif没有什么区别。asif用得普遍些,却可引导方式状语从句和表语从句,其从句谓语常用虚拟语气。1)引导方式状语从句Sheactedasthoughnothinghadhappened．她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。当从句主语和主句主语一致,从句谓语中又含有动词be时,可以把主语和be一起省去。Helookedaboutasthough(hewas)insearchofsomething.他四处张望,好像寻找什么。2)引导表语从句Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain．asthough和asif从句用虚拟语气,还是用陈述语气,完全根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反,或者纯粹是一种假设,通常用虚拟语气。Thechildtalksasifshewereanadult.Hetalkedasifhehadknowneverything.25.havefun(withsb)(与某人)玩得开心Wehadfunwitheachotheronthatday.fun为不可数名词,没有复数,也不能加a.makefunof取笑……forfunreadforfunadj.funny有趣的26.custom1)风俗ThecelebrationoftheSpringFestivalisacustomforChinese.ItisthecustomfortheJapanesetotakeofftheirshoeswhentheygetintoahall.2)习惯=habitItwashercustomtoriseearly.theCustoms海关27.worldwide世界性的Wildlifeprotectionhasattractedworldwideattention.28.fool1)n.愚人，白痴，受骗者IfeltafoolwhenIrealizedmymistake.2）v.愚弄，欺骗You’refoolingyourselfifyouthinkplayingcomputergameswillnotaffectyourstudies.29.permission允许，许可Iaskedforhispermissiontousethecar.Youhavemypermissiontoleave.permitsb.todosth.30.turnup.1)出席(某活动),出现Weplannedtomeetat7:00,buthedidn’tturnup.2)把(收音机等)音量开大一些Turnuptheradioalittle,Icanhardlyheartheprogram.Theteacherturneddownthestudents’proposal(请求）.拒绝Ithoughtitwouldrainthenextday,butitturnedouttobeasunnyday.结果是……turnoff关掉turnon打开turntosb.forhelp向某人求助31.keepone’sword守信，履行诺言Ipromisedmyteachertoworkhard,Imust~.=performone’sword.breakone’sword失信Don’tbreakyourword,otherwise,noonewilltr