专题一十大词性的学习一、教学目标(知识点)1)掌握英语单词中基本的十大词性名词noun,n.表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称如:boy,morning,bag,ball,class,orange动词verb,v.表示动作或状态如:am,is,are,have,see形容词adjective,adj.表示人或事物的性质或特征如:good,right,white,orange副词adverb,adv.修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now,very,here,冠词article,art.用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a,an,the.数词numeral,num.表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one,two,three,first,second,third代词pronoun,pron.主要用来代替名词。如:who,she,you,it.连词conjunction,conj.用来连接词、短语或句子。如and,but,before.介词preposition,prep.表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系.如in,on,from,behind感叹词interjection,interj表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh,well,hi,.2)了解初中阶段所需的构词法以-ment,-tion,-ance,-ence,-er,结尾的一般是名词(environment,position,importance,singer)以-ify,-ize,结尾的一般为动词(purify,realize,)以-al,-ful,-ive,-ous结尾一般为形容词(personal,careful,active,dangerous)以-ly结尾的一般是副词(carefully)一般情况名词加-ly变形容词,形容词加-ly变副词动词可通过加-ed或-ing变成形容词3)学会根据词性解题的方法记住一句话:adj修饰n,adv修饰v二、教学重点(n,v,adj,adv)a)名词n.专有名词eg:Beijing,China,Internet…可数名词;人或物的个体,能与不定冠词a,an连用普通名词eg:book,student,school…不可数名词eg:water,milk,juice…名词单、复数之间的转化一般大多数可数名词在词尾加-seg:book—booksdesk--desks以字母s,x,ch,sh结尾的可数名词,在词尾加-eseg:dress—dresses,box--boxes,watch—watches,以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i加es,eg:baby→babies以元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数,eg:monkey→monkeys,holiday→holidays,以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时,a)加s的名词有:belief→beliefsroof→roofs,safe→safesgulf→gulfsb)去掉f,fe加ves的名词有:half→halvesknife→knives,leaf→leaveswolf→wolveswife→wives,life→lives,thief→thieves以o结尾的名词变复数时:记住黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿黑人negro;英雄hero;土豆potato;番茄tomato这四个词后加-es就ok!!!不规则变化1)child---childrenfoot---feettooth---teethmouse---miceman---menwoman---women2)单复同形如:deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。peoplepolice等本身就是复数,不能与冠词a连用b)动词v.(注意单三的变化)及物动词(TransitiveVerb)vt.后面可以直接加人或事物。不及物动词(IntransitiveVerb)vi.,后面要加特定的介词才能加人或事物。若要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词,如to,of,at后方可跟上宾语。系动词(也称联系动词(LinkingVerb),是用来辅助主语的动词)be(am,is,are),seem,appear,prove,turnout,grow,sound,smell,feel,taste,becomec)形容词adj.可修饰n.v后加-ed或-ing可变为adj前者修饰人,后者修饰物。d)副词adv.可修饰v.adj后加-ly变为adv三、课堂作业一、选词填空,用合适的名词形式,如果需要时加冠词a/ansugarkeybiscuitcoat1Icouldn'tgetintothehousebecauseIdidn'thave_______2It'sverywarmtoday.Whyareyouwearing_______3Doyoutake__________inyourcoffee?4Areyouhungry?Wouldyoulike________withyourcoffee?二、写出下列名词的正确复数形式Sheep---________potato--_______bus--_______box--______dish--___bench--________sandwich--_______brush—______watch---_______family--______body--______boy--_____day--______shelf--_____leaf—___wolf--_____knife—______child—______mouse—______tooth—_______四、教学难点+案例分析Fromhis______voiceonthephoneIknoweverythingiswellunderway.A.satisfactoryB.satisfyingC.satisfiedD.satisfaction解题关键在于”voice”声音是一个名词adj修饰n,adv修饰v所以答案为BHeisa_____student.A.activelyB.wellC.goodD.excellence结题关键点在于”student”学生是一个名词adj修饰n,adv修饰v所以答案为CThelittlebabywalks______A.slowB.fastC.flowD.slowly解题关键在于”walk”行走是一个动词adj修饰n,adv修饰v排除A,C项,A项为名词的慢,C项为动词,流动B,D项中根据句意可知选择D项。B项中fast是快的,故排除Thenewsisvery__________(surpise)这个消息令人惊讶。Hearingthenews,wefeltvery_______(surpise)听到那个消息,我们感到很惊讶。本题考察v-ing/v-ed作为形容词的区别区别在于:v-ing修饰物v-ed修饰人五、课后作业一、根据提示词填空1、Thefootballmatchis________.(excit)2、Hewastoo_______(excit)tosleep.3、Therobotruns_______(good/well).4、People_______(be)satisfiedwiththeInternet.5、Therearemany______(wolf).6、The______(beauty/beautiful)girlislisteningtotheteacher.7、Thousandsof_______(sheep)areonthegrass二、按要求写出单词正确的变化1、名词变复数chair--______table--_______lake--_______mountain--_______class--______buzz--________box--________match--__________toy--_______baby--________pray--_______lady--___________difficulty--________monkey--________radio--________zoo--_________photo--_________hero--________potato--_______tomato--______belief--________chief--________roof--_______half--________knife--_________live--_________2、名词后加-ly变形容词friend→love→day→3、形容词变副词happy---_________quick—________true—________possible—______real---________helpful----________careful---________hopeful---_______slow---________quick---__________quiet---__________terrible---________gentle---_______