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Madornot?KeyWordsMadReasonSumDetermined•☆madadj.发疯•Don'tfightwithhim,heisamadman.•别跟他打架,他是疯子。•bemad/crazyabout:为……而疯狂•bemadatsb•eg:Don'tbemadathim.•别怪他（不关他的事）。•go+adj:变得•gomad/crazy/insane/bananasBemadGomadbemadonsth对...发火☆Sum•1)n.金额，款项•asumofmoney一笔钱•asumof(money)•anamountof(money)•alargesumofmoney一大笔钱•theSum+of总数,总和,总计•thesumofincomes收入总计2)n.大意，要旨thesumofaspeech演讲大意•3)算术题;运算•Theboyisgoodatdoingasuminhishead.•这男孩善于心算。表“许多”的短语：agreatmany+pl.anumberof+pl.agreatnumberof+pl.alargenumberof+pl.Tip:哪些加un?much,agreat／gooddealof,alarge／smallamountof☆Sumv.sumup(1)合计sumupalltheexpenses把所有的花费加起来(2)总结，概括eg.Tosumup,heagreeswithus.总的来说，他同意我们的观点。insum=inaword/inshort/inbrief总之，要言之•☆determinedadj.坚定的，下决心的•Iamdeterminedtostayhere.•我决定留在这儿。•v.determinevt.决定，确定，影响•Theenvironmentdeterminesone’scharacter.•环境决定人的性格。•determineonsth/doingsth•determinetodosth•WedeterminedtostudyEnglishhard.Ideterminedongoingabroad.bedeterminedtodosth.决心做某事v.determineupon(doing)sth决定决定做某事•☆reason•1)n.原因，理由•forthisreason由于这个原因•forsomeresson由于某个原因foracertainreason•giveareason•therootreason•2)理性，正常心智•Onlymanhasreason.•只有人类才有理性。提出理由根本原因loseone’sreason丧失理智beyondallreasons毫无道理bringapersontoreason使（某人）明白道理，使不做糊涂事•Aeroplanesareslowlydrivingmemad.Ilivenearanairportandpassingplanescanbeheardnightandday.Theairportwasbuiltyearsago,butforsomereasonitcouldnotbeusedthen.Lastyear,however,itcameintouse.Overahundredpeoplemusthavebeendrivenawayfromtheirhomesbythenoise.Iamoneofthefewpeopleleft.SometimesIthinkthishousewillbeknockeddownbyapassingplane.Ihavebeenofferedalargesumofmoneytogoaway,butIamdeterminedtostayhere.EverybodysaysImustbemadandtheyareprobablyright.☆Aeroplanesareslowlydrivingmemad.•☆drivesbmad:逼某人发疯•eg：Sometimesit'senoughtodriveyoumadifyouarestuckinatrafficjamduringtherushhour.•有时在交通高峰期被困足以使人发疯•Thenoiseoutsideisdrivingmemad.☆Ilivenearanairportandpassingplanescanbeheardnightandday.•1、passingplanes：现在分词做定语sleepingbaby:正在睡觉的小孩waitingcar:正在等待的•2、dayandnight:日日夜夜•Iwillsitbyherbedsidedayandnight.•我会日夜守在她的床边。☆SometimesIthinkthishousewillbeknockeddownbyapassingplane.•关于knock的短语•knockat/on敲•knockoff下班；从…碰下去；优惠，折扣•knockover撞翻，打翻，撞倒•knockdown撞倒•knockout打昏•knockagainst相撞,碰击☆Ihavebeenofferedalargesumofmoneytogoaway,butIamdeterminedtostayhere.1.给予,提供;拿出,出示Heofferedmeaglassofwine.他端给我一杯酒。2.愿意;试图(做某事);提议Theyofferedtohelpme.他们表示愿意帮助我。3.出(价);开(价)WeofferedhimthecalculatorforUS$50.这计算器我们向他开价五十美元。动词语态•英语动词有两种语态•主动语态：主语是动作的执行者•被动语态：主语是动作的承受者•ManypeoplespeakEnglish.(主动语态)•Englishisspokenbymanypeople.(被动语态)一、Readthefollowingsentences1.Itiscalledastamp.2.What’sitmadeof?3.Whichlanguageisspokenbythelargestnumberofpeopleintheworld.4.Englishisusedverywidelyasaforeignlanguage,5.SilkisproducedinSuzhou.6.Wherearebananasgrown?二.模仿上列句子连词成句1.Silk,produce,inHangzhou.2.Cars,make,inTianjin.3.tea,grow,inFujian.4.English,speak,inAustralia.5.Glass,produce,inGermany.6.Ships,make,inJapan.被动语态构成助动词+及物动词的过去分词（be+P.P.)时态主动语态被动语态(be+过去分词）一般现在时see/seesam(is,are)+seen一般过去时sawwas(were)+seen一般将来时will(shall)+seewill(shall)+be+seen(过去将来时)would(should)+seewould(should)+be+seen现在进行时am(is,are)+seeingam(is,are)+being+seen(过去进行时)was(were)+seeingwas(were)+being+seen现在完成时have(has)+seenhave(has)+been+seen(过去完成时)had+seenhad+been+seen含情态动词情态动词+see情态动词+be+seen以see为例，比较主动语和态被动语态的结构形式•将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语。•将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be+过去分词”结构。•将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。主动语态改为被动语态的方法•将下列句子改成被动语态。1.WeuseEnglishasaforeignlanguage.→Englishisusedasaforeignlanguage(byus)2.PeoplewritebusinesslettersinEnglish→Businesslettersarewritten(bypeople)inEnglish.3.TheymaketelephonecallsinEnglish.→Telephonecallsaremade(bythem)inEnglish.4.TravelersandbusinesspeopleuseEnglish.→Englishisusedbytravelersandbusiness.5.FarmersgrowriceinZhejiang.→RiceisgrownbyfarmersinZhejiang.过去时,含情态动词的被动语态1.AmankilledJack.→1.HanMeifoundGranny’books.→2.Theybuiltthebridge.→Jackwaskilled(byaman).Granny’bookswerefoundbyHanMei.Thebridgewasbuilt.1.Hecananswerthequestion.→2.Wemustplanttreesinspring.→3.Nurseshouldtakecareofthechildren.→Thequestioncanbeanswered(byhim.)Treesmustbeplantedinspring.Childrenshouldbetakencareof.主动语态变为被动语态时注意1.含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时有两种情况:2.EgHegavetheboyanapple.→•(1)把间接宾语改为主语,直接宾语保留不变:•Theboywasgivenanapple.•(2)把直接宾语改为主语,此时,间接宾语前要加to或for.•Anapplewasgiventotheboy.•(give,pass,show,send---to)•(buy,draw,make,----for)双宾语的被动1.Myfathergavemeanewbookonmybirthday.----Anewbookwasgiventome(bymyfather----Iwasgivenanewbook(bymyfather)….•2.不带的to不定式,改为被动语态时不定.式前要加to.•Theywatchedthechildrensing.→•Thechildrenwerewatchedtosing.•3.短语动词是不可分割的整体,改为被动语态时要保持其完整性,介词或副词不可遗漏.•Wemusttakegoodcareoftheyoungtrees.→•Youngtreesmustbetakengoodcareof.•4.带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时,一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语,宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语.•Hecuthishairshort.→•Hishairwascutshort.•Theytoldhimtohelpme.→•Hewastoldtohelpme.•5.注意:不及物动词不能用被动语态happen,takeplace,appear•but不及物动词带上介词或副词构成的短语,相当于及物动词,后面可带宾语5在need/want/require/deserve+doing句型中,动名词表示被动.•Thegardenneedswatering=•Thegardenneedstobewatered.•6有些动词的不定式(blame/let/rent用主动表被动•Nobodywastoblamefortheaccident.•Thehouseistolet.•7一些介词短语用作定语或表语时表被动•Thethiefwasunde