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12016届上海普陀高三一模考试时间：120分钟满分：150分II.GrammarandVocabulary（26分）SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.(A)Differentformsofhospitality(好客)IamaBritishwomansocialanthropologist(人类学家).IoncespentayearinMoldova,inEasternEurope,（25）______(study)everydaylifeinthecountry.IstayedwithaMoldovanfamilytoseefromtheinsidehowpeoplemanagedtheirlives.Ihadawonderfultimeandmademanynewfriends.WhatIobservedisofcoursebasedonmyownexperienceataparticularplaceandtime.Ioftenfound(26)_______surprisinglydifficulttoseelifetherethroughtheeyesofaMoldovan.Thiswas(27)______thepeopleImetwereextremelyhospitableandIwastreatedasanhonouredguestatalltimes.Asmyhosts,theywantedmetoenjoymyself,andnottoget(28)______(involve)inshopping,cooking,orotherdomesticjobs.MostmorningsIwasencouragedtogoouttoexplorethecity,orcarryoutmyresearch,andIreturnedlatertofindthatmyelderlylandladyandhersisterhadtravelledacrossthecityonbusestothecentralmarket(29)________(bring)backheavyloadsofpotatoes,awholelamb,orotherlargequantitiesofproducts.Iwasofteninvitedtopeople’shomes,andwasalwaysofferedfoodonentering.MostoftheadultsImetenjoyedinvitingfriends,family,neighbours,colleaguesandevenstrangersintotheirhomes,(30)______theytreatedthemtofood,drink,andalivelyhospitableatmosphere.Hostshurriedtoserveguestsaswellandasquicklyaspossible.(31)______ahouseholdwasexpectingguest,largeamountsoffoodwerepreparedinadvance,usuallybythewomen.Winehadalreadybeenmade,generallybythemen,(32)______werealsoresponsibleforpouringit.Unexpectedvisitorswerestillofferedasmuchfoodanddrinkasthehousehold(33)______provideinthecircumstances.(B)HowEnglishfamilylifehasevolvedsincetheeighteenthcenturyThemajorityofEnglishfamiliesofthepre-industrialage,roughlyuntilthemid-eighteencentury,livedinarurallocation.Manyofthemownedorhadtheuseofasmallpieceofland,andactuallyallfamilymemberswerebusywithagriculturalworkinoneformoranother,usually(34)_______(grow)foodfortheirownconsumptionandsometimesalsoproducingfoodorothergoodsforsale.Thelabourwascontrolledbythehusband,(35)___________hiswifeandchildren,too,hadaneconomicvalueastheircontributionstothefamilyincomewerelikelytomakethedifferencebetweenstarvationandsurvival.Childrenworkedfromanearlyage,girlshelpingtheirmothers,andboystheirfathers.Schoolwasanoccasionalfactorintheirlives.Instead,childrenlearnedbydoing(36)_______theirparentsshowedthem.Knowledgeofcaring(37)______animals,sewingwashandeddown2fromparenttochild.Also,mostpeopleengagedinhandicraftproductioninthehome,andthefamily(38)______(pay)toworkwithcloth,woodorleather.Ingeneral,thisworkcouldbeputasideandtakenupagainwhentherewasabreaksuchasagriculturalwork.Theprocessofindustrializationinthesecondhalfoftheeighteenthcenturyandduringthenineteenthtransformedlifeforthemajorityofthepopulation.Itwastheuseofsteamtopowermachinery(39)______requiredlargebuildings,anditresultedintheconstructionofnumerousfactoriesinmanytownsandcities.Theseinturn(40)_______（encourage）migrationfromthecountrysideinsearchofwork.Ifelectricityhadprecededsteam,domesticindustrymighthavesurvivedmorefully.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.commentB.complexC.depressionD.expectE.equivalentF.holdsG.mappedH.recommendedI.handleJ.notedK.severeBeingsociablelookslikeagoodwaytoaddyearstoyourlife.Relationshipswithfamily,friends,neighbours,evenpets,willalldothetrick,butthebiggestlongevity(长寿)boostseemstocomefrommarriageora(n)____relationship.Theeffectwasfirstnotedin1858___byWilliamFarr,whowrotethatwidows(寡妇)andwidowerswereatamuchhigherriskofdyingthantheirmarriedpeers.Studiessincethensuggestthatmarriagecouldaddasmuchassevenyearstoaman’slifeandtwotoawoman’s.Theeffect____forallcausesofdeath,whetherillness,accidentorself-harm.Eveniftheoddsarestackedagainstyou,marriagecanmorethancompensate.LindaWaiteoftheUniversityofChicagohasfoundthatamarriedoldermanwithheartdiseasecan___tolivenearlyfouryearslongerthananunmarriedmanwithahealthyheart.Likewise,amarriedmanwhosmokesmorethanapackadayislikelytoliveaslongasadivorcedmanwhodoesn’tsmoke.There’saflipside,however,aspartnersaremorelikelytobecomeillordieinthecoupleofyearsfollowingtheirspouse’sdeath,andcaringforaspousewithmentaldisordercanleaveyouwithsomeofthesame___problems.Evenso,theoddsfavourmarriage.Ina30-yearstudyofmorethan10,000people,NicholasChristakisofHarvardMedicalSchooldescribeshowallkindsofsocialnetworkshavesimilareffects.Sohowdoesitwork?Theeffectsarecomplex,46____bysocio-economicfactors,health-serviceprovision,emotionalsupportandothermorephysiological(生理的)mechanisms.Forexample,socialcontactcanboostdevelopmentofthebrainandimmunesystem,leadingtobetterhealthandlesschanceof_47__laterinlife.Peopleinsupportiverelationshipsmay__48__stressbetter.Thentherearethepsychologicalbenefitsofasupportivepartner.Alifepartner,childrenandgoodfriendsareall__49_ify