上英语语法重点和知识点归纳

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1新目标八年级英语上册语法复习1)leave的用法(多义词:离开;留下;遗忘)1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如:WhendidyouleaveShanghai你什么时候离开上海的?2.“leavefor+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如:NextFridayAliceisleavingforLondon.下周五,爱丽斯要去伦敦了。3.“leave+地点+for地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如:WhyareyouleavingShanghaiforBeijing你为什么要离开上海去北京?4leavesth+地点把某物遗忘在哪里Ileftmybagsinthecar.我把包遗忘在车里。2)情态动词should“应该”情态动词1.用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如:Youshouldbeherewithcleanhands.你应该把手洗干净了再来。2.用于提出意见劝导别人。例如:Youshouldgotothedoctorifyoufeelill.如果你感觉不舒服,你最好去看医生。3.用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如:Weshouldarrivebysuppertime.我们在晚饭前就能到了。Sheshouldbehereanymoment.她随时都可能来。4)频度副词的位置1.常见的频度副词有以下这些:always(总是,一直)often(常常,经常)never(从不)usually(通常)sometimes(有时候)2.频度副词的位置:a.放在be动词、或情态动词后面。如:Davidisoftenlateforschool.HecanoftenwatchTV.b.放在行为动词前。如:Weusuallygotoschoolat7:10everyday.c.never放在句首时,主语、谓语动词要倒装。如:NeverhaveIbeenthere.我从没到过那儿。5)everyday与everyday1.everyday作状语,译为“每一天”。如:Wegotoschoolat7:10everyday.IdecidetoreadEnglisheveryday.。2.everyday作定语,译为“日常的”。ShewatcheseverydayEnglishonTVafterdinner.她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。What’syoureverydayactivity你的日常活动是什么?6)什么是助动词1帮助动词构成谓语的词叫助动词(AuxiliaryVerb)。助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用。2例如:Hedoesn’tlikeEnglish.他不喜欢英语。(doesnt是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)Doyoulikecollegelife你喜欢大学生活吗?(do是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,)DidyoustudyEnglishbeforeyoucamehere你来这儿之前学过英语吗?(did是构成过去时的助动词,无词义,;study是主要动词,有词义)Idon’tlikehim.(don’t是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)Docometothepartytomorrowevening.明天晚上一定来参加晚会。(do是助动词起加强语气作用),例如:Hedidknowthat.他的确知道那件事。(did是助动词起加强语气作用)7)forgetdoing/todo与rememberdoing/todo1.forgettodo忘了要做某事(未做);forgetdoing忘记做过某事(已做)Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Heforgottoturnitoff.办公室的灯还在亮着,他忘记关了。Heforgotturningthelightoff.他忘记他已经关了灯了。Dontforgettocometomorrow.别忘了明天来。典型例题----Thelightintheofficeisstillon.----Oh,Iforgot___.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff答案:C。2.remembertodo记得去做某事(未做);rememberdoing记得做过某事(已做)Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.记着放学后去趟邮局。Don’tyourememberseeingthemanbefore你不记得以前见过那个人吗8)It’s+形容词+forsb.和It’s+形容词+ofsb1..若形容词表示事物的特征,就用forsb.如:easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等:Itsveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.对他来说学两门外语是很难的。It’sveryimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.学好英语对于我们来说很重要2.若形容词表示人物的性格,品德就用ofsb,如:good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right。Itsveryniceofyoutohelpme.你来帮助我,你真是太好了。9)对两个句子的提问新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势,现在采取的作法是对一个句子进行自由提问。例如:句子:Theboyinbluehasthreepens.提问:1.Whohasthreepens2.Whichboyhasthreepens3.Whatdoestheboyinbluehave4.Howmanypensdoestheboyinbluehave很显然,学生多了更多的回答角度,也体现了考试的灵活性。再如:句子:Heusuallygoestotheparkwithhisfriendsat8:00onSunday.提问:31.Whousuallygoestotheparkwithhisfriendsat8:00onSunday2.Wheredoesheusuallygowithhisfriendsat8:00onSunday3.Whatdoesheusuallydowithhisfriendsat8:00onSunday4.Withwhomdoesheusuallygototheparkat8:00onSunday5.WhattimedoesheusuallygototheparkwithhisfriendsonSunday6.Whendoesheusuallygototheparkwithhisfriends10)so+形容词+a/an+名词。Such+a/an+形容词+名词如:Heissofunnyaboy.=Heissuchafunnyboy.Jimhassobigahouse.=Jimhassuchabighouse.Itissuchaniceday.Thatwassuchaninterestingstory.11)使用-ing分词的几种情况1.在进行时态中。如:HeiswatchingTVintheroom.Theyweredancingatnineo’clocklastnight.2.在therebe结构中。如:Thereisaboyswimmingintheriver.3.在havefun/problems/difficultydoing结构中(做某事有乐趣/问题/困难)。如:WehavefunlearningEnglishthisterm.Theyhadproblemsgettingtothetopofthemountain.4.在介词后面。如:Thanksforhelpingme.Areyougoodatplayingbasketball?HeisthinkingaboutgoingtoLondon介词:at,in,on,over,above,under,below,from,to,up,down,through,acrossby,with,before,after,5.在以下结构中:enjoydoingsth乐于做某事finishdoingsth完成做某事feellikedoingsth想要做某事trydoingsth试着做某事stopdoingsth停止做某事needdoingsth需要做某事forgetdoingsth忘记做过某事preferdoingsth宁愿做某事goondoingsth继续做某事minddoingsth介意做某事rememberdoingsth记得做过某事missdoingsth错过做某事likedoingsth喜欢做某事practicedoingsth练习做某事keepsbdoingsth使某人一直做某事bebusydoingsth忙于做某事findsbdoingsth发现某人做某事canthelpdoingsth禁不住做某事see/hear/watchsbdoingsth看到/听到/观看某人做某事12)名词的复数构成的几种形式名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。I名词复数的规则变化1.一般在名词词尾加-s。如:pear---pearshamburger---hamburgersdesk---deskstree---trees42.以字母-s-sh-ch-x结尾的名词,词尾加-es。如:class---classesdish---disheswatch---watchesbox---boxes3.以字母-o结尾的某些名词,词尾加-es。如:potato---potatoestomato---tomatoeshero---heroes其他以o结尾的单词复数加s.4.以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词,将-y变为-i再加-es。如:family---familiesdictionary---dictionariescity---citiescountry---countries5.以字母-f或-fe结尾的名词,将-f或-fe变为-v,再加-es。如:half---halvesleaf---leavesthief---thievesknife---knivesself---selveswife---wiveslife---liveswolf---wolvesshelf---shelvesloaf---loaves但是:roof屋顶---roofsserf奴隶---serfsgulf海湾---gulfschief首领---chiefsproof证据---proofsbelief信念---beliefsII名词复数的不规则变化1.将-oo改为--ee。如:foot---feettooth---teeth2.将-man改为-men。如:man---menwoman---womenpoliceman---policemenpostman---postmen3.添加词尾。如:child---children4.单复数同形。如:sheep---sheepdeer---deerfish---fishpeople---people5.表示“某国人”的单、复数变化。即“中日瑞不变英法变,其它国把-s加后面”。如:Chinese---ChineseJapanese---JapaneseSwiss---SwissEnglishman---EnglishmenFrenchman---FrenchmenAmerican---AmericansAustralian---AustraliansCanadian---CanadiansKorean---KoreansRussian---RussiansIndian---Indians6.其它。如:mouse---miceappletree---appletreesmanteacher---menteachers14)双写最后一个字母的-ing分词初中阶段常见的有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