初中语法复习：宾语从句

宾语从句1.Iknowhim.主语谓语宾语（简单句）主语谓语宾语从句连词从句主语从句谓语主句（复合句）2.Iknowwhoheis.什么是宾语？Iknowhim.Doyouhavethetime?Ithink(that)sheisbeautiful.Whydon’tyoupayattentiontome?宾语,位于谓语动词或者介词后。一、宾语从句的概念从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。eg.WeknowMrGreenteachesEnglish.Sheaskediftheseanswerswereright.二、宾语从句三要素引导词（连接词）语序时态由从属连词that引导的宾语从句由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句（一）引导词123e.g.1.Ihear(that)_______________________.2.Hesaid(that)______________________.3.Theteachertoldus(that)_______________________________.hewillbebackinanhourhemissedusverymuchtheearthmoves1.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句注：that引导的从句，表示陈述一件事实，主句谓语动词表示确定，不疑问；that在句中无任何意义，不充当句子成分，常省略。aroundthesun2.由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句Iwanttoknow______________________________________.2.Askhim_________________________.3.Iwonder____________________________.4.Couldyoutellme________________________?if(whether)hewillgototheparkwithuswhether(if)hecancomewhetheritisgoingtorainornotif/whether“是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask,wonder,can(could)youtellme表示疑问不确定意义的词之后；从句句意完整，不缺成分。whether(if)MrLiliveshere1.在引导主语从句、表语从句时如：⑴Whetheritistrueremainsaquestion.⑵Thequestioniswhetheritistrue.2.用在动词不定式之前时用whether不用if。Idon’tknowwhethertogothereatonce.3.当与ornot连用，或or提出两种选择时:Idon’tknowwhetherhe’sfreeornot.MaryaskedwhetherIwasdoingmyhomeworkornot.Tellmewhetheryou’dliketogoshoppingortidytheroom.注意：只能用whether不能用if的情况1注意：只能用whether不能用if的情况24.在介词或dicuss后面：I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.Wediscussedwhetherweshouldclosetheshop.5.与动词不定式连用(whethertodosth.)：Theyaskedmewhethertogoskating.6.为了强调宾语部分，也可把从句提在主句前。WhetherhewillcomeIamnotsure.注意：只能用if不能用whether的情况1.引导条件状语从句Ifherunsfast,he’llgetthereontime.I’llgotoseeyouifIhavetime.2.引导否定的宾语从句Tellmeifitisnotgoingtorain,please.时态条件状语从句：主将从现宾语从句：根据需要用相应时态ifwhether用法巧记两个“是否”并不难，一般情况可代换。下列情况用whether,主表不定式or(not)。作为讨论介词宾，此时if不可跟。还有一点也得编，whether从句可提前。引导条件表“如果”，再也不可用whether。宾语从句若否定，whether一词不可用。Practicetime选择if/whether。1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.2.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.3.Iwonder___________heiswell.4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.5.Idon’tknow_______togo.if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether1.Heasked_____________________________.2.Doyouknow_________________________?3.Heasked_______________________________.whocouldanswerthequestionwhomtheyarewaitingforwhosebikewasthebestintheclass由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what引导的宾语从句主句谓语动词，表示疑问不确定含义，要用疑问代词引导宾语从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句1.Doyouknow________________________?2.Pleasetellme_____________.3.Canyoutellme____________________?4.Couldyoutellme____________________?主句谓语动词，表示疑问不确定含义，要用疑问引导宾语从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。whenwe’llhaveameetingwhereheishowIcangettothestationwhythetrainislate二、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.2.Whatdidhewanttobuy?Idon’tknowwhathewantedtobuy.主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分）即：助动词不能放在主语前面。What’swrong?What’sthematter?What’shappening?Whoisoverthere？注：当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时，语序不变：eg:Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?Canyoutellmewhoheis?做主语做宾语注意：否定前移若主句谓语动词为think,guess，imagine，suppose,believe等其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式；其反意疑问句，疑问从句。否定前移及反意疑问句形式巧记法Idon'tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell,doesit?我认为这件衣服不适合你穿,是吗？Idon'tthinkyouareright，areyou?我认为你是错的,是吗？Idon'tbelieveyouwillfinishtheworktoday，willyou?我认为你今天无法完成工作,是吗？我认为猜想有假不可信，提问宾从构反问。从句若表否定意，否定词语要前移。Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.三、时态1.主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，根据实际情况而定。2.如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时），从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）Iknewwholivedthere.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebackthenextday.Hesaidthathehadseenthemovie.3.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时，仍用一般现在时。•Dadtoldusthatitisbettertodothantosay.•Hetoldtheboythatthreeandthreeissix.•Hetoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesun.•Mr.Litoldmethesunrisesintheeast.1.Theradiosaysit_______cloudytomorrow.(be)2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)3.Ihearthey__________(return)italready.4.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)5.Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_______intheeast.(rise)willbegoeshavereturnedhadbeenrisesPracticetime宾语从句巧记法宾语从句要注意，时态引导词和语序。时态问题看主句，现在时态可随意。过去时态用过去，客观情况要注意，主过从现要切记。时态1.时态问题2.引导词问题引导词,并不难，主句含义最关键。主表肯定意完整，that常用也可省。主表疑问不确定，另类词,要使用。从句句意若完整，if/wether不可省。从句若是缺成分，特殊疑问词来过问。引导词thatif/whether特殊疑问词3.语序问题还有一项是语序，陈述语序要切记。如何对它来判断，助动莫放主语前语序()1.Theyoungmanasked_____it'ssummerorwinter.A.ifB.thatC.weatherD.whether()2.Wedon'tknow______theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which()3.Theteacherasksus____Jimcancomebackontimetomorrow.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime()4.Doesanybodyknow______wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatDABCPractice()5.Couldyoushowme________?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation()6.Pleasetellme_______.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike()7.Mysistertoldhim________.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyouliveCBD()8.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee