第一章--有机化学实验的基本知识

技术官员村位于位于亚运城东部，主干道二以东石楼涌以西的地块，占地面积、m2，总建筑面积、m2，共包括地下室南区、地下室北区、地上部分1栋～12栋、服务中心、室外工程等多个单体工程。其中住宅面积m2，共12栋，1～7栋建筑层数为11层，8～12栋11层（局部复式顶层），首层局部架空，布置公建配套设施。integratedenergy,chemicalsandtextileYibincity,arethethreecorepillarsoftheindustry.In2014,thewuliangyebrandvalueto73.58billionyuan,thecity'sliquorindustrysliptostabilise.Promotingdeepdevelopmentofintegratedenergy,advancedequipmentmanufacturingindustry,changningdistrict,shalegasproductioncapacityreached277millioncubicmetres,builtthecountry'sfirstindependenthigh-yieldwellsandpipelinesinthefirstsection,theleadinfactoryproductionandsupplytothepopulation.2.1-3GDPgrowthfigure2.1-4Yibin,Yibincity,Yibincity,fiscalrevenuegrowth2.1.4topographyterrainoverallisSouthwest,North-EasternState.Lowmountainsandhillsinthecitylandscapeasthemainridge-and-Valley,pingbasmallfragmentednaturepictureforwaterandthesecondlandofthesevenhills.236metersto2000metersabovesealevelinthecity,lowmountain,46.6%hills45.3%,pingbaonly8.1%.2.1.5developmentofYibinlandscapesanddistinctivefeatureinthecenterofthecity,withlimitations,andspatialstructureoftypicalzonalgroup,2012-citiesinbuildingwithanareaofabout76.2km2.Fromcity-buildingsituation,oldtown-theSouthBankCenterconstructionislaggingbehind,disintegrationoftheoldcityisslow,optimizationandupgrading,qualitypublicserviceresourcesarestillheavilyconcentratedintheoldtowntogether.SouthbankCentrehasnotbeenformed,functionsoftheserviceareaspaceismissing.Meanwhile,peripheralgroupcentresservicewasweakandinadequateaccountingforcitydevelopment,suspiciouspatterncouldnotbeformed.Asregardstransport,withtheoutwardexpansionofcities,citieshavebeenexpanding,centripetalcitytrafficorganizationhasnotchanged,integratedenergy,chemicalsandtextileYibincity,arethethreecorepillarsoftheindustry.In2014,thewuliangyebrandvalueto73.58billionyuan,thecity'sliquorindustrysliptostabilise.Promotingdeepdevelopmentofintegratedenergy,advancedequipmentmanufacturingindustry,changningdistrict,shalegasproductioncapacityreached277millioncubicmetres,builtthecountry'sfirstindependenthigh-yieldwellsandpipelinesinthefirstsection,theleadinfactoryproductionandsupplytothepopulation.2.1-3GDPgrowthfigure2.1-4Yibin,Yibincity,Yibincity,fiscalrevenuegrowth2.1.4topographyterrainoverallisSouthwest,North-EasternState.Lowmountainsandhillsinthecitylandscapeasthemainridge-and-Valley,pingbasmallfragmentednaturepictureforwaterandthesecondlandofthesevenhills.236metersto2000metersabovesealevelinthecity,lowmountain,46.6%hills45.3%,pingbaonly8.1%.2.1.5developmentofYibinlandscapesanddistinctivefeatureinthecenterofthecity,withlimitations,andspatialstructureoftypicalzonalgroup,2012-citiesinbuildingwithanareaofabout76.2km2.Fromcity-buildingsituation,oldtown-theSouthBankCenterconstructionislaggingbehind,disintegrationoftheoldcityisslow,optimizationandupgrading,qualitypublicserviceresourcesarestillheavilyconcentratedintheoldtowntogether.SouthbankCentrehasnotbeenformed,functionsoftheserviceareaspaceismissing.Meanwhile,peripheralgroupcentresservicewasweakandinadequateaccountingforcitydevelopment,suspiciouspatterncouldnotbeformed.Asregardstransport,withtheoutwardexpansionofcities,citieshavebeenexpanding,centripetalcitytrafficorganizationhasnotchanged,第一章有机化学实验的基本知识1.1实验室安全规则和实验室守则有机实验室与其它化学实验室相比可能是更危险更易发生事故的地方，因为有机化学实验所用药品一般都是易燃易爆、有毒或强腐蚀性的，使用不当就会引起着火、爆炸、烧伤、烫伤、冻伤或中毒等事故。另外，碎裂的玻璃器皿、煤气或电器设备使用不当也会引起事故，所以在实验中要严格执行操作规程，遵守有机实验室安全规则和实验室守则，进行有机实验时必须遵守如下规则：1.进入实验室前，充分预习好实验内容，开始实验前做好各项准备工作，要写出预习报告。2.进入实验室后应保持安静，实验过程中不能擅自离开岗位。3.实验前应检查仪器设备是否存在破损、漏气、漏电等不安全因素，实验中应注意观察现象，如发现异常，应立即中断实验。4.处理有毒或有强刺激性气体时要在通风橱中进行。5.减压操作或处理爆炸性物质及强腐蚀性物质等可能发生危险的实验，应使用防护眼镜、面罩、手套等防护设备。6.公用仪器及药品用后立即归还原处。节约用水、电、煤气及药品。药品及实验后的产品不能随意丢弃以免酿成事故。7.严禁在实验室内吃食物、吸烟，实验后要洗手。1.2事故的预防及急救措施1.防止火灾及急救措施防火的基本原则是使火源远离有机试剂，并尽可能减少有机物挥发到空气中。如果已经着火，很小面积的着火可用湿抹布、石棉布或用砂土盖住即可，大面积着火应用灭火器扑灭。2.使用易燃易爆气体，如氢气、甲烷、乙炔等要打开室内排风装置且严禁明火及防止一切火星发生。3.常压操作时整套装置应有一处与大气相通，切不可形成封闭体系，以免因体系内压太大而使反应物冲出或玻璃仪器炸裂。减压蒸馏时，蒸馏瓶和接收瓶应用梨形或圆形、茄形烧瓶，以免平底瓶因其受压不均而炸裂。4.处理强酸、强碱、强氧化剂及其它有剧毒的药品时要带橡皮手套；不要用敞口容器存放有毒的药品。5.处理危险性化合物要严格遵守操作规程。对于久置后会产生易爆物质的过氧化物，应预先处理后方可使用6.使用电器前应检查是否漏电或其它不正常现象，不可用湿手接触电插头。不慎触电时，应立即切断电源，必要时进行人工呼吸。7.实验室应备有急救箱，箱内常备如下药品和工具：医用70%乙醇、2%醋酸、1%硼酸、3~5%碳酸氢钠、红药水、甘油、烫伤膏、消炎粉、硼酸软膏、创可贴；医用剪刀、镊子、洗眼杯、消毒棉、纱布、胶布、绷带、棉签等，发生事故时如伤情较轻按以下方法处理：（1）割伤：清洗伤口后涂上红药水或创可贴，用绷带扎住。（2）烫伤：不要用水冲洗，可在烫伤处涂上烫伤膏。（3）试剂烧伤技术官员村位于位于亚运城东部，主干道二以东石楼涌以西的地块，占地面积、m2，总建筑面积、m2，共包括地下室南区、地下室北区、地上部分1栋～12栋、服务中心、室外工程等多个单体工程。其中住宅面积m2，共12栋，1～7栋建筑层数为11层，8～12栋11层（局部复式顶层），首层局部架空，布置公建配套设施。integratedenergy,chemicalsandtextileYibincity,arethethreecorepillarsoftheindustry.In2014,thewuliangyebrandvalueto73.58billionyuan,thecity'sliquorindustrysliptostabilise.Promotingdeepdevelopmentofintegratedenergy,advancedequipmentmanufacturingindustry,changningdistrict,shalegasproductioncapacityreached277millioncubicmetres,builtthecountry'sfirstindependenthigh-yieldwellsandpipelinesinthefirstsection,theleadinfactoryproductionandsupplytothepopulation.2.1-3GDPgrowthfigure2.1-4Yibin,Yibincity,Yibincity,fiscalrevenuegrowth2.1.4topographyterrainoverallisSouthwest,North-EasternState.Lowmountainsandhillsinthecitylan