英语诗歌介绍(Introudction-to-English-Poetry)

1.Whatispoetry?AliteraryformWritteninlinesRichimageryGreatartisticappealBeautifulharmonyCompressedcontentAnIntroductiontoEnglishPoetryDanti:DivineComedy《神曲》Milton:ParadiseLost《失乐园》Homer:Iliad《伊利亚特》;Odyssey《奥德赛》3)DramaticPoems（戏剧诗）2)NarrativePoems（叙事诗）1)LyricalPoems（抒情诗）2.KindsofPoetryIntermsofcontent:Songs（韵文)odes（颂诗）Elegy（挽诗）Epics(史诗)(heroicpoems)ballads（民谣）lyre(里拉)usu.indialogue;inblankverse2.KindsofPoetryIntermsofmetre:1)MetricalPoems（格律诗）RegularRhyme;RegularRhythm;DefiniteNumberofLines2)FreeVerse（自由诗）IrregularRhymeandRhythm;IrregularNumberofLines3)BlankVerse（无韵诗）WithoutRhyme;WithRhythm3.Rhythm（节奏）Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar,HowIwonderwhatyouare!ThesunisnotabedwhenIAtnightuponmypillowlie4.Foot（音步）1)Iambus（抑扬格）or:IambicFoot（抑扬音步）(IambicTetrametreor4-footIambus)（四步抑扬格）Thestreamwillnotflow,andthehillwillnotrise,Andthecolourshaveallpassedawayfromhereyes!(AnapaesticTetrametreor4-footAnapaest)（四步抑抑扬格）or:AnapaesticFoot（抑抑扬音步）4.Foot（音步）1)Iambus（抑扬格）2)Anapaest（抑抑扬格）(TrochaicTetrametreor4-footTrochee)（四步扬抑格）4.Foot（音步）1)Iambus（抑扬格）2)Anapaest（抑抑扬格）Or:TrochaicFoot（扬抑音步）3)Trochee（扬抑格）Shakeyourchainstoearthlikedew,Whichinsleephadfallenonyou-----Youaremany------theyarefew.or:DactylicFoot（扬抑抑音步）a)Takeheruptenderly,Liftherwithcare;b)Thisisagallopingmeasureahopandatrotandagallop(DactylicHexametreor6-footDactyl)（六步扬抑抑格）4.Foot（音步）1)Iambus（抑扬格）2)Anapaest（抑抑扬格）3)Trochee（扬抑格）4)Dactyl（扬抑抑格）(DactylicBi-metre)（两步抑抑格）4.Foot（音步）1)Iambus（抑扬格）2)Anapaest（抑抑扬格）3)Trochee（扬抑格）4)Dactyl（扬抑抑格）6)Spondee（扬扬格）7)Pyrrhic（抑抑格）5)Amphibrach（抑扬抑格）ForthedearGodwholovethus（扬扬格）（抑抑格）（抑扬抑格）5.Metre（格）Mono-metreBi-metreTri-metreTetrametrePentametreHexametreHeptametreOctametre6.SoundPatternsCVCCVCCVCCVCCVCCVCCVCCVCCVCCVCAlliteration（头韵）Assonance（准韵）Para-rhyme（侧韵）Reverse-rhyme（逆韵）Fullrhyme（完全韵）taketimetakelatetakeliketaketooktaketaletakelakeCVCCVCCVCCVCCVCCVCCVCCVCConsonance（谐韵）CVCCVCCVCCVCCVCCVC7.Alliteration:phantomfathom;psychologysimplea)Togiveemphasis:mightandmain;fitasafiddleb)Toconnectideas:Pleasepickuptheprettypinkpillsforpalepeople.c)Toconnectactions:Thefighterfledintothefield,and,foremostfighting,fell.8.Rhyme:Homefoam;chairtherea)Internalrhyme:IamthedaughteroftheEarthandWater.(Shelley)Weploughandsow---we’resovery,verylow.(ErnestJones)Ah,distinctlyIrememberitasinthebleakDecember.(Poe)b)MasculineRhyme（阳韵）:IfallbetruethatIdothink.Therearefivereasonsweshoulddrink:c)FeminineRhyme（阴韵）:(1)Whatisfame?Anemptybubble.Gold?Atransient,shiningtrouble.(2)Riselikelionsafterslumber,Inunvanguishablenumber.(3)Oh!yeimmortalGods!whatistheogony?Oh!thou,too,mortalman!whatisphilanthropy?d)MonosyllabicRhyme（单音节韵）:Hourtour;nowknow;dearbear;savehavee)Bi-syllabicRhyme（双音节韵）:f)Tri-syllabicRhyme（三音节韵）:e)Eyerhyme（眼韵）:I/fly;fool/rule;write/fight;again/remain/sustainborrow/sorrow;daughter/water;conversation/compensationRoman/noman;knowit/showitbeautiful/dutiful;thinkofit/drinkofit9.RhymeScheme:1)aabb（连续韵）:Workwhileyouwork,andplaywhileyouplay,aForthatisthewaytobehappyandgay.aAllthatyoudo,dowithyourmight,bThingsdonebyhalvesareneverdoneright.b2)abab（交叉韵）:Howdoyouliketogoupinaswing.aUpintheairsoblue?bOh,IdothinkitthepleasantestthingaEverachildcando!b3)abba（首尾韵）:Iholdittrue,whate’erbefall;aIfeelitwhenIsorrowmost;b’TisbettertohavelovedandlostbThannevertohavelovedatall.a4)abcb（二四韵）:Springisgreen,aSummerisbright,bAutumnisgold,cWinteriswhite.bAstanzaisagroupoflines(ofanynumberoflines,mostfrequentlyoffourlines)boudtogetherbyanendrhyme.10.Stanza:11.Sonnet:1)ItalianSonnet（意大利体十四行诗）2)SpenserianSonnet（斯宾塞体十四行诗）3)ShakespearianSonnet（莎士比亚体十四行诗）1)ItalianSonnetFrancescoPetrachThepoetryofearthisneverdead:aWhenallthebirdsarefaintwiththehotsun,bAndhideincoolingtrees,avoicewillrunbFromhedgetohedgeaboutthenew-mownmead;aThatistheGrasshopper’s---hetakestheleadaInsummerluxury,---hehasneverdonebWithhisdelights;forwhentiredoutwithfunbHerestsateasebeneathsomepleasantweed.aThepoetyofearthisceasingnever:cOnalonewinterevening,whenthefrostdHaswroughtasilence,fromthestovethereshrillseTheCricket’ssong,inwarmthincreasingever,cAndseemstooneindrowsinesshalflost,dTheGrasshopper’samongsomegrassyhills.eanoctave+asestet2)SpenserianSonnetEdmundSpenserForloemylovedothinherselfecontainebAllthisworld’srichesthatmayfarrebefound.cIfsaphyres,loehereyesbesaphyresplaine:bIfrubies,loeherlipsberubiessound;c3quatrains+acoupletIfpearls,herteethbepearlsbothpureandround;cIfyvorie,herforeheadyvoryweene;dIfgold,herlocksarefinestgoldonground;cIfsilver,herfairhandsaresilversheene.dButthatwhichfairestis,butfewbehold:eHermind,adornedwithvertuesmanifold.eYetradefullmerchants,thatwithwearytoyleaDoseekenostpretiousthingstomakeyourgain,bAndboththeIndiansoftheirtreasuresspoile,aForloemylovedothinherselfecontaineb3)ShakespearianSonnetShakespearSometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,cAndoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimm’d;dAndeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,cBychance,ornature’schangingcourse,untrimm’d.d3quatrains+acoupletButthyeternalsummershallnotfade,eNorlosepossessionofthatfairthouow’st,fNorshallDeathbragthouwander’stinhisshade,eWhenineternallinestotimet