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1.Lookatthesepicturesanddiscussthedifferentmeansoftransport.(P49)meansn方法，手段，工具单复数同形翻译：一切办法都试过了。.Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried.拓展单复数同形的词还有：species种类series系列works工厂常见搭配：bymeansof依靠，凭借bynomeans决不bythismeans通过这种方法byallmeans无论如何；务必；当然可以(1)InmanyplacesinChina,bicycleisstillpopularmeansoftransportation.A.a;theB./;aC.the;aD.the;the(2)I'vetriedveryhardtoimprovemyEnglish.Butbynomeanswithmyprogress.A.theteacherisnotsatisfiedB.istheteachernotsatisfiedC.theteacherissatisfiedD.istheteachersatisfiedCD2.Theypickupanddropoffpeopleatdifferentstopsontheroute.(P49)pickup(1)用汽车搭载某人或去接某人(2)拾起，拿起，捡起(3)意外发现，学到，获得(4)收拾，整理(5)（生意、生产、天气、健康等）好转，改善，有起色(6)收听，接收(7)（碰巧或廉价地）买到拓展：pickout挑出；辨别出(1)Samsomeknowledgeofthecomputerjustbywatchingothersworkingonit.A.broughtupB.lookedupC.pickedupD.setup(2)It'ssurprisingthatyourbrotherRussiansoquickly---hehasn'tlivedthereverylong.A.pickedupB.lookedupC.putupD.madeupCAdrop(sb./sth.)off让某人下车，中途顺便将某物送交某处；掉下；减少；打盹IfthemartialclassIsignedearlierchangestoSundays,IwillhavetosothatIcanmysonfromhisviolinlessons.A.dropin;pickoutB.dropoff;pickupC.dropout;pickupD.dropby;pickoutC3.Unfortunately,thenumberofvehiclesontheroadcausedunbelievabletrafficjams,andtheroadsbecamesobusythatnoonecouldtravelanywhere.(L7)unfortunatelyadv.遗憾地，不幸地，可惜地拓展：unfortunateadj.不幸的fortunen.运气，好运，命运；财富fortunateadj.幸运的，侥幸的fortunatelyadv.幸运地，幸亏Twomiddle-agedpassengersfellintothesea.,neitherofthemcouldswim.A.InfactB.LuckilyC.UnfortunatelyD.Naturally翻译：不幸的是，整个村庄被地震彻底摧毁。.Unfortunately,thewholevillagewaswipedoutbytheearthquake.Cunbelievableadj.非常坏（或非常好、非常极端）的，令人难以置信的。拓展unbelievablyadv.难以置信地beliefn.信仰believevt.相信常见搭配believesb相信某人说的话Ibelieveso.我认为是这样。Idon‘tbelieveso.=Ibelievenot.我认为不是这样。believeinsb.信任某人believeitornot信不信由你4.Thistrafficproblemledtothedevelopmentoftheundergroundsystem.(L9)leadto导致，引起；通向to是介词，后接名词或动名词。拓展:（1）“导致，引起”的表达还有：resultin，cause，bringabout，contributeto（2）与lead有关的短语：leadsb.todosth.导致某人做某事；使得某人做某事leadsb.to…引导某人去…leada…life过着…的生活leadtheway带路(1)Lookoverthere-----there'saverylong,windingpathuptothehouse.A.leadingB.leadsC.ledD.tolead(2)Wefirmlybelievethatwarneversettlesanything.Itonlyviolence.A.runsintoB.comesfromC.leadstoD.beginswithAC5.However,newtrainshadtobedevelopedandtheplanrequiredraisingalargeamountofmoney,sothediggingwaspostponeduntil1860.(L14)postponevt.延迟，延期。=delay，putoff后面接名词或动名词---Becauseoftherain,we'llhavetothefootballmatch.---I'mfreenextSundayifyouwouldliketoplaythen.A.advanceB.postponeC.abandonD.advocateB6.Becauseofthesmokefromthesteamengines,earlyundergroundlinesneededlargeholesleadingtothesurfaceatregularintervals,sothatpeoplecouldgetfreshairandwouldnotchoke.(L23)leadingtothesurface是现在分词短语作后置定语，用来修饰holes。intervaln.间隙，间隔at(…)intervals每隔…距离或时间Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,theaudiencecanbuyice-cream.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.whichAchokevt.&vi.（使）窒息；（使）哽咽；塞满，堵塞n.哽咽声，呛住的声音；窒息翻译：那个村庄的道路被车辆阻塞住了。.Thevillage'sroadsarechokedwithtraffic.常见搭配：chokeback抑制（愤怒、悲痛）chokeup阻塞；噎住；（因激动等）说不出话来chokedown用力咽下；抑制，按捺住chokeoff阻塞；阻止，打断；停止，终止chokeonsth因某物而窒息，哽咽Duringtherushhourstheroadsareusuallyupwiththetraffic.A.chokedB.crowedC.blockedD.checkedAchokeup阻塞；噎住；（因激动等）说不出话来7.Havingseenthesituation,awealthyAmericanbusinessman,CharlesYerkes,undertookthejobofimprovingthesystemin1902byobtainingownershipofthemanydifferentlinesandsettinguptheUndergroundElectricRailwaysCompanyofLondon.(L33)句中的Havingseenthesituation为现在分词的完成式，表示此动作发生在谓语动词之前；其否定形式在having之前加not。undertakevt/vi承担，从事；承诺，答应（+todo）RobertsuggestedLestertheconstructionofthenewbuilding.A.undertakingcarryingoutB.toundertakeC.undertaketocarryoutD.undertake翻译：他答应在星期三以前完成这项工作。HeundertooktofinishthejobbyWednesday.D8.WhenLondonwasbombed,manyundergroundstationsfunctionedasbombshelters.(L43)functionvi.运行，起作用n.功能，用途拓展：functionaladj.功能的，有作用的常见搭配：functionas=serveas充当，担任Asiswell-known,thebrainperformsaveryimportant,whichcontrolsthenervesystemofthebody.A.motionB.actionC.functionD.factC9.So,whynottakeatripontheoldestundergroundsystemtoday?(L58)Whynotdo…?是Whynotdoyoudo…?的省略形式，意为“为什么不……”,是表示建议的常用句型。--WecouldinviteJohnandBarbaratotheFridaynightparty.--Yes,?I’llgivethemacallrightnow.A.whynotB.whatforC.whyD.whatA10.Visitourticketofficeandbuyoneofthetravelcardsthatpermityoutotravelallovertheundergroundsystem.(L59)permitvt/vi许可，允许n.许可证拓展：permissionn.允许常见搭配：permitdoingsth.允许（做）permitsbtodosth.允许某人做……askforpermission请求许可withoutpermission未经许可withsb’spermission经某人允许Passengersarepermittedonlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.A.tocarryB.carryingC.tobecarriedD.beingcarriedA11.However,theopeningofthenewsubwaylinewaspostponeduntil1971,whentheplatformsandstationswerefinallycompleted.(P53)platformn.站台，月台；平台；讲台，舞台Polarbearslivemostlyonseaice,whichtheyuseplatformforhuntingseals.A.a,aB.a,theC./;aD.the,/C12.TheBeijingSubwaygrewslowlyuntil2000,withonlyonenewsectionbeingaddedtothetwolines.(P53)add…to…把…加到…上拓展：addto增加addup合计，加起来addupto总共，总计Therehavebeenseveralneweventstotheprogramforthe2008BeijingOlympicGames.A.AddB.toaddC.addingD.addedD1.leadto导致，引起；通向2.giveapprovalto批准3.inthecentreof在…中心4.alargeamountof大量的（接不可数名词）5.postponedoingsth