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英语课后重点短语LESSON1(P15)1)thefundamentalconcept基本概念2)crosssection横截面3)theinternalstressesproducedinthebar棒内应力4)continuousdistributionofbydrostaticpressure净水压力的连续分布5)thetensileload拉伸载荷6)auniformdistributionoverthecrosssection横截面上的均匀分布7)arbitrarycross-sectionalshape任意横截面形状8)tensilestress拉应力9)compressivestresses压应力10)anormalstress正应力11)throughthecentroidofthecrosssectionalarea通过质心的横截面积12)theuniformstresscondition均应力状态13)thestressdistributionattheendofthebar14)highlocalizedstresses局部高应力15)anaxiallyloadedbar轴向加载杆16)atensilestrain拉伸应变17)anelongationorstretchingofthematerial延长或拉伸的材料18)acompressivestrain压应变19)theratiooftwolengths20)purelystaticalandgeometricalconsiderations从纯静态和几何关系考虑LESSON2(P25)1)themainmanifestationsofcapacity功能的主要表现形式2)themaximumunitload(stress)最大单位载荷3)stress-straindiagram应力-应变图4)thesimpletensiletest简单拉伸试验5)thepercentageelongationatrupture断裂延伸率6)theendoftensilespecimens拉伸试样的末端7)permanentdeformation永久变形8)theresultingload-displacementcurve所产生的载荷-位移曲线9)asubstsntialyieldingofthematerial大量高产的物质10)yieldpoint屈服点11)thetrainsitionfromelastictoplasticbehavior12)materialpropertytable材料性能表13)plasticdefomation塑性变形14)aspecifiedstandardlengthofthespecimen指定的标准试样的长度15)atthemomentofrupture在破裂时16)shortcylindricalspecimens短圆柱试样17)ductilematerials任性材料18)highstressconcentration高应力集中19)ultimatetensilestrength极限抗拉强度20)strainhardeningzone应变硬化区LESSON3(P37)1)circularcrosssection圆截面2)thepositionofmountings安装位置3)nominalsize标准尺寸4)lengthofshaftsubjectedtotwist轴的受扭长度5)minimizestressconcentration尽量减小应力集中6)fromthestandpointofstress从应力角度7)equationsforashaftinpuretorsion轴纯扭转的方程式8)diameterofsolidshaft实心轴的直径9)outsidediameterofhollowshaft空心轴的外径10)theamountoftwistinashaft轴的扭转量11)torsionaldeflection扭转变形12)shearmodulusofelasticity剪切弹性模量13)beclosertotheverticalload接近于垂直载荷14)theendurancelimit疲劳极限15)theallowableshearingstress许用剪切应力16)equationforequivalentmoments方程的等效力矩17)thedesignstressvaluesforflexure设计弯曲应力值18)theangleoftwist扭转角19)antifrictonbearings滚动轴承20)theamountoftwistinashaft轴的扭转量LESSOM4(P51)1)herringbonegears人字齿轮2)spiralgears螺旋齿轮3)worngears蜗轮4)bevelgears圆锥齿轮5)hypoidgears准双曲面齿轮6)sizesofspur-gearteeth齿轮轮齿的尺寸7)theautomotiverearaxledrives汽车后桥驱动8)rack-and-piniondrives齿条和小齿轮驱动器9)diametralpitch径节10)pitchcircle节圆11)thetangencypoint切点12)pressureangles压力角13)aninvolutecurve渐开线14)theradialdistant径向距离15)atrightangles成直角16)theaveragenumberofteethincontact17)thereciprocalofthediametralpitch对等径节18)tochangeinchestomillimeters把英寸换算成毫米19)alineperpendiculartothecenterlines垂直中心线的直线20)centerdistancebetweentwomeshedgears两个齿轮的中心距LESSION5(P62)1)platecams盘形凸轮2)cylindricalcams圆柱凸轮3)thecamassemblesinautomaticrecordplayers汽车发动机上的凸轮组件4)camprofiles凸轮轮廓5)makeafull-scaletemplate制造一个实体样板6)inthecourseofseveralrevolutionsofthecam在凸轮中转几圈7)atangentialplatecam切向盘形凸轮8)atranslationcam移动凸轮9)thegrooveintheperipheryofthecam凸轮表面的槽10)aguidedverticalreciprocatedfollower做垂直运动的往复件11)aconstant-diametercam等径凸轮12)automaticwashingmachines13)afacecam面凸轮14)theedgeofapivotedfollow摆动从动件的边缘15)areciprocatingknife-edgedfollower作往复运动的刀口式从动件16)miniaturesnap-actionelectricalswitchies小的速动开关17)apivotedflat-facedfollower安装在摆臂上的滚子从动件18)airpilotvalues19)theabruptchangeincamprofile在凸轮轮廓上的突变20)aScotchyokemechanism苏格兰的克机构LESSION6(P73)1)developinganddemandingindustry一个处在发展中社会需要的产业2)propellershaft传动轴3)suspensioncomponents4)aslidingsplinedtypeofjoint滑动花键连接5)tworearaxleshafts两个后半轴6)tomeshwithalargerbevelgear与更大的锥齿轮啮合7)theuniversaljoint万向节8)asteeringwheel转向轮9)unevennessofroadsurfaces路面的不平度10)thetransverselineoftheaxleshafts后横半轴11)tocauseexcessivetyrewear造成轮胎的过度磨损12)theexactlysimilardiameter直径非常接近13)quarter-ellipticleafsprings四分之一随圆形钢板板式弹簧14)thetransmissionofshock冲击15)roadsurfacevariation路面变化16)thefinal-drivegears最终传动齿轮副17)theprecisealignmentofshaft精确同轴18)arotatingdrum转动筒鼓19)ahandlever手刹杆20)belockedintheoneposition被固定某一位置LESSION8(P99)1)bulkdeformationofmetals金属的变形2)forging，rollingorextruding锻造滚压挤压3)plasticdeformation塑性变形4)impactblows冲击5)therecrystallizationpointofthemental6)hotworkingandcoldworking热加工和冷加工7)bettersurfacefinish8)hammerforging锤锻9)strikingthehotmetal锻打热金属10)aslowsqueezingaction缓慢加压11)opendiesandcloseddies开模和闭模12)bevelgearswithtraightorhelicalteeth用直齿或螺旋加工锥齿轮13)impressiondies型腔模14)eachofseveraldiecavities每一个模膛15)massproduction16)ahomogeneouscircumferentialgrainfiow均匀的周向纤维流17)thethree-dimensionaldescription三维描述18)computersimulation计算机仿真19)hydraulicpresses液压压力20)berough-andfinished-machined粗加工和精加工LESSION9(P110)1)carryinghigh-amperagecurrent携带高安培电流2)theelectrodeandthework-piece电机和工件3)theweldpool焊接熔池4)acolumnofionizedgascalledplasma一个列的电离气体称为等离子体5)theoxidesandnitrides氧化物和氮化物6)thepositiveions阳离子7)deleterioussubstances有害物质8)thenewlysolidifiedmental刚凝固的金属9)inoverheadwelding仰焊10)currentdensity电流密度11)depositionrate沉积速率12)anunbalancedmagneticfield不平横磁场13)arcblow电弧偏吹14)theelectrodecoating电极涂层15)inoverheadposition在仰焊的位置16)thecoolingrateofthedepositedmetal沉积金属的冷却速度17)amorehomogeneousmicrostructure更均匀的微观结构18)asmoothflowofmoltenmetal顺畅熔融19)cellulosic-coatedelectrodes纤维质涂层的焊条20)perpendiculartothecurrentpath与电路垂直LES