代词.ppt

初中语法大全第一章词法英语有十大词类或词性，每个单词都具有一种或多种词性，不同的词性在句子中要充当不同的句子成分——主语、谓语、表、宾语、补语、定语、状语、同位语。掌握好词性是学好语法的关键。十大词类名称如下：光明代幸福连接数感动冠词名词代词形容词副词连词介词数词感叹词动词artn.pron.adj.adv.conj.prep.num.interj.v.代词:用来代替名词、数词、形容词等其它词类或现象的词叫代词。代词为实词，在句中可充当与名词相似的成分——主语、宾语、定语、表语等。代词按意义、特征、语法功能可分为下列9类：人称代词主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem物主代词形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs反身代词指代某人自己myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves相互代词意为“互相”eachother,oneanother指示代词意为“这\那”thisthatthesethose不定代词不确定的指代人或物some,any,one,another,other,theother,no,none,all,both,many,much,few,afew,alittle,little,each,every,either,neither,someone,anyone,something,anything,somebody,everybody,everything,nothing等。疑问代词带有疑问语气what，which，who,whom,whose-----疑问代词where,when,how,why------------------疑问副词whattime,whatday,whatcolor,whatclass\grade,howold,howmany,howmuch,howlong,howoften,howfar,howsoon-------疑问词组连接代词引导名词性从句that,which,who,whom,whose-----连接代词where,when,why,how--------------连接副词关系代词引导定于从句that,which,who,whom,whose,as------关系代词when,where,why---------------------------关系副词第一章人称代词Iyouhesheitweyouthey我你他她它我们你们他们主格:放于句首动词之前做主语am（第一人称单数）Iamare(第二人称和所有的复数)you/we/theyis(第三人称单数)he/she/itis系动词be肯定句：例1：Iamastudent.Heisastudent.Sheisastudent.Wearedoctors.Theyareworkers.否定句：（在系动词（am/is/are）的后加not=（不）”Iamnotastudent.Heisnot(isn’t)astudent.Sheisnot(isn’t)astudent.Wearenot(aren’t)students.疑问句：is/are放句首。表示“是……吗”注：技巧：第一人称改成第二人称Iamastudent.Areyouastudent?Heisastudent.Isheastudent?Wearedoctors.Areyoudoctors?所有格：放在名词前作定语。myyourhisheritsouryourtheir我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的例：他是我的父亲。Heismyfather.我是她的老师。Iamherteacher.我们是他们的同学。Wearetheirclassmates.宾格：放在动词或动词词组后做宾语。meyouhimheritusyouthem我你他她它我们你们他们例：Isawhiminthestreetyesterday.Herfathergavehermuchmoney.第二章物主代词(分为名词性和形容词性)我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs句子成分：1.动词本身做谓语。2.动词之前做主语3.动词之后作宾语。4.系动词之后作表语。5.修饰名词做定语。用法：形容词性的物主代词放在名词前作定语。例：Heismyteacher.名词性的物主代词可做主语、宾语、表语、定语。①主语：Mybookisonthedesk.Yoursisonthechairandhersisinthedesk.(yours=yourbookhers=herbook)②表语：Thecatunderthedeskishers.(hers=hercat)③宾语：Ileftmycallphoneathome.MayIuseyours?(yours=yourcallphone)④与of构成短语做定语：Imetafriendofmineonmywayhome.第三章疑问代词(带有疑问语气)主格宾格所有格whowhomwhosewhatwhatwhatwhichwhichwhich疑问词组:Whattimewhatdaywhatcolorwhatclass/gradehowold,howmany,howmuch,howlong,howoften,howfar,howsoon.........用法一、把疑问词放在句首，再把此句改成一般疑问句。用法二、疑问代词，在句中可做主语、宾语、表语和定语。①主语：Whocleantheclassroom?(cleaned是动词，动词之前who做主语)②宾语：Whomdidyouseelastweek?(Whom做动词see的宾语)③定语：Whichstory-bookdoyoulike?Thisoneorthatone?(story-book“故事书”是名词。which修饰名词作定语)④表语：Whatisthat?(what作系动词is的表语)⑤宾语：Whichdoyouwanttobuy?(which做动词buy的宾语)1.反身代词分类表示“我(们)自己，你(们)自己，他/她/它(们)自己”的词叫做反身代词。第二人称的反身代词由形代+self/selves构成第三人称的反身代词由宾格+self/selves构成不确定人称的反身代词one也有反身代词oneself反身代词与它指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称、性别上要保持一致。反身代词可作宾语、表语、同位语、但不能作主语。2.反身代词的作用及用法①作同位语。反身代词可以作主语或宾语的同位语。例：Imyselfdidthat.Ididthatmyself.Tom’smothertaughthimherself.Thewalkitselfisnoteasy.散步本身并不容易。②作动宾。可用反身代词作宾语的常见的词有buy，cut，dress，dry，enjoy，help,hide,hurt,introduce,make,teach,wash.例：Jacktaughthimselfhowtomakeahomepage.Thefamilyenjoyedthemselvesverymuchlastnight.Pleasehelpyourselftosomefruit.③作介宾例：IthinkIshouldbeallowedtomakedecisionformyself.Theoldwomanoftentalkstoherself.Shecookedthewholemealbyherself.