英语必修三情态动词

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情态动词情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,认为“可能”“应该”“必要”等。情态动词本身词义不完全,不能单独用作谓语,必须和不带to的不定式(即动词原形)连用。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。情态动词的否定式一般是在它们的后面加否定词not构成。朗读时,情态动词的肯定式一般不重读。一、can和could的用法(一)can的用法1.表“能力”。Eg.Ourcompanycankeeppacewithchangesinthemarket.Specially-traineddogscansmelloutdrugs.2.表“许可”。Eg.–-CanIuseyourmobilephone?---I’mafraidnot.Iamexpectingacall.3.表“可能性”。多用于否定与疑问句中,但也可用于肯定句中表示理论上的可能性。Eg.CantherebelifeonMars?Youcan’tbetired----you’veonlybeenworkingforanhour.Youcan’thavesleptthroughthatthrillingperformance.4.表其他。如“请求”“命令”“惊讶”“迷惑”“不相信”等态度。Eg.Canyouhelpmetoliftit,please?Ifyouwon’tkeepquiet,youcangetout!Shehasleftherhusband,butcanyoublameherafterthewayhetreatedher?Youcan’tbeserious!(二)could的用法:1.表“过去能够做某事”这样一种事实,但不指具体的某次行为。Eg.IcouldreadwhenIwasthreeyearsold.Hewassodrunkthathecouldn’tfindthefrontdoor.2.表“过去的可能与许可”。多用于间接引语中。Eg.FathersaidthatIcouldgoswimmingintheriverwithmyfriends.Jacksaidhecouldn’tcompletehiscollectioninsuchashorttime.3.表“现在的可能与能力”。只是其可能性比must表示的可能性要小得多。Eg.Mywifeisinhospital.Ourbabycouldarriveatanytime.What’sfordinner?Icouldeatahorse.4.表“现在的许可”。主要用于疑问句(不可用于否定句),语气比较委婉,其答语只能用can.Eg.----Couldyoubaby-sitforusonFriday?----Ofcourse,Ican.5.表“轻微的责备”。多用于第二人称。Eg.Youcouldbeabitmorecareful!6.表“请求或命令”。多用于第二人称。Eg.Youcouldgivemeabandwiththecooking.7.表“建议”。Eg.Ifsheisnotathome,youcouldtryphoningherattheoffice.二、may与might的用法1.表“许可”。might可指现在的时间,也可指过去的时间,语气更委婉。Eg.Youmay/mighttakewhateveryoulike.HetoldmethatImightborrowhisdictionary.----May/MightIaskforaphotoofyourbaby?----Certainly.注意:在回答may或might的问句时,应尽量避免使用may或might这个词,而应用其他方式来回答。如:Yes,please./Certainly./Pleasedon’t./You’dbetternot./No,youmustn’t.等,以免显得太严肃或太不客气。2.表“可能”。这时might和may可以互换,might可指现在的时间,也可指过去的时间,但语气更加不肯定,即可能性更小。Eg.Theroadmay/mightbelocked.Shemay/mightbewaitingforyouintheentrancehall.3.might可用于虚拟语气,may不能。Eg.Ifshewerehere,youmightgetsomehelpfromher.ImighthavetoldhimthenewsifIhadknownit.4.may置于句首时表示愿望、祝愿,这也是虚拟语气的一种特殊形式。Eg.MayGodblessyou.Mayyousucceed.5.用于may/mightaswell结构中Eg.Imightaswellgo.Youmayaswelltellhimwhatyouthinkofhim.Hisappearancehadchangedsomuchthatyoumightaswellnotrecognizehim.三、shall和should的用法(一)shall的用法1.多用于疑问句中以表示征求对方一件或指示,这时一般用于第一人称和第二人称。Eg.Whatshallwedothisevening?Shallwegodancing?Shallhecometoyouroffice?2.用于第二人称和第三人称,表“允诺”“警告”“命令”“决心”“必然”等。Eg.Don’tworry.Youshallgetthebookthisafternoon.Youareanaughtyboy!Youshallgetwhatyoudeserve.Heshallbepunishesifhebreakstherule.Nothingshallstopusfromcarryingouttheplan.(二)should的用法1.表“义务,责任”。Eg.Youshouldsendheranote.2.表“劝告或建议”。Eg.Ioftenseelightsinthatemptyhouse.DoyouthinkIshouldreportittothepolice?Eachofusshouldhaveapassionatepursuitinourlife.Weshouldlearnaboutthecomputerandmakefulluseofit.3.表对现在货将来比较有把握的“推测,推断”。Eg.Itis8o’clocknow.Heshouldbehereatanymoment.IshouldhavefinishedreadingitbynextFriday.4.Should与完成时连用,表示“过去应做而未做的事”。Eg.Youshouldhavetoldheraboutirlastweek.5.构成虚拟语气。Eg.Itissuggestedthatweshouldstartoutearlytomorrowmorning.Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.Iamanxiousthatheshouldbewellcaredfor.6.与think,imagine,say等连用,表达不成熟的意见。Eg.Ishouldsaysheisoverforty.四、will和would的用法1.表“意愿”。will表示现在的意愿,would表示过去的意愿。Eg.KMTchairmanLienChanhasvisitedNanjingandwillcontinuehisvisittoXi’anandShanghaiafterBeijing.PresentBushyesterdayannouncedthatAmericanforceswouldwithdrawfromIraq.2.表示征求意见或提出请求。Eg.Willyoudomeafavour?WouldSundaynightsuityou?I’dliketoseeyournewbike.3.表示习惯和倾向性。Eg.JuneisknownasBlackJuneinChinabecausehighschoolgraduateswilltakethemostimportantexamintheirlife---thenationalcollegeentranceexam.Gidforgold,butgoldwillnotbuyeverything.4.表示“推测”。Will用于谈论现在,would用于谈论过去。Eg.Theywillclimbthemountainandhelpcollectrubbishtoimprovetheenvironment.Everyfamilywouldhavesomesortoftrouble.5.表示“执意,决心”。Eg.Themanwhohasmadeuphismindtowinwillneversay“impossible”.Hewoulddoit,thoughItoldhimnotto.五、must和can’t的用法(一)must的用法:1、表示“必须”。mustn’t译为“一定不要,不准”。Eg.Imustshutthedoor,orthedogwillcomein.Plantsmusthavewaterinordertolive.----MustIreturnyourbookthisweek?----Yes,youmust.----No,youneedn’t.2、表示“推测”。译为“准是,一定是”。(1)“must+v.”表示对现在情况的推测。Eg.Hemustbemad.(2)“must+have+过去分词”表示对过去的推测。Eg.Shedidn’tcometoschool.Shemusthavebeenill.(3)“must+be+v.ing”表示对将来或现在进行时态动作的推测。Eg.Accordingtotheweatherreport,itmustberainingtomorrow.HemustbewatchingTV.Youmustbejoking.3、表示“应当”。相当于should,oughtto.Eg.Youmustsayhellotoher.4、表示“偏偏”,表达对某事的不满或责备等情绪。Eg.WhymustitrainonSunday?5、表示抱怨或讽刺。“must+be+v.-ing”表示对将来或现在进行时态动作的推测。Eg.Whymustyoualwaysbefindingfaultwithme?(二)can’t的用法:1.表示“不能,不许”等。Eg.Ican’tswiminthelake.Theycan’twearjeanslake.2.表示“推测”。(1)表示对现在和将来的推测。Eg.Canhehavesaidso?Hecan’thavesaidso.(2)表示对过去的推测。3.用于某些固定结构,如:can’thelpdoingsth表示“不禁,忍不住,不得不(做某事)”。Eg.Hearingthenews,Ican’thelplaughing.4.Cannot…too不论怎样……都不过分。Eg.Youcan’tbetoocarefulwhendriving.5.Cannothelpbut后接动词原形,表示“不禁”“忍不住”“不得不”。Eg.Ican’thelpbuthesorryaboutit.Wecan’thelpbutadmirehercourage.6.Cannotbutdosth表示“除此之外,别无他法”。Eg.Icouldn’tbutlaughonhisfunnyface.

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