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中国古代成语故事Theidiomstory东施效颦•IntheSpringandAutumnPeriod,therewasabeautyintheStateofYuecalledXishi•Sheoftensufferedfrompainsinherchest,andsoshewouldoftenwalkarounddoubledoverandwithherbrowsknitted.TherewasanuglygirlinthevillagecalledDongshiwhoenviedXishI.StrivingtoemulateXishi,sheimitatedherstoop,knittingherbrowsatthesametime.Shethoughtthatthismadeherelegant,butinfact,itonlymadehermoreugly.•Later,thisidiomcametobeusedtoindicateimproperimitationthatproducesthereverseeffect.•传说春秋时期，越国有一美女，名唤西施但是西施有心口疼的毛病，所以她经常手捂胸口，皱着眉头走着。村子里还住着一位丑姑娘，叫做东施，她十分嫉妒西施。于是东施时常效仿西施，手捂胸口，紧皱眉头。东施觉得她效仿西施就会变得很美丽，但是实际上，只会使她变得更难看而已。这个典故比喻不恰当的模仿，带来相反的效果老马识途•IntheSpringandAutumnPeriod,DukeHuanofQiledanarmytoattackasmallstateinthenorth.Theywentinspringwhengreengrasscoveredtheground.Butwhentheycamebackitwaswinter.Everywherewaswhitewithsnowandthewindwashowbing.Thetroopslosttheirway.Whileeverybodywasworrying,GuanZhong,theDuke'schiefminister,suggested:Anoldhorsemayknowtheway.Sothedukeorderedseveraloldhorsestobeselectedtoleadthearmy.Finally,theyfoundthewaybackhome.•Thisidiomreferstothevalueofexperience.•春秋时，齐桓公与大臣等仲、隰朋进攻孤竹国，回来时迷了路。管促说：老马能识途。于是让老马在前面走，大家跟着，果然找到了归路。见《韩非子·说林上》。后以老马识途等喻富有经验或富有经验的人。汪赵执信《为求书者所苦戏题长句》：诸君且休共和谈，老马识途犹尚堪。守株待兔•IntheSpringandAutumnPeriod,afarmerintheStateofSongwasonedayworkinginthefieldswhenhesawarabbitbumpintoatreestump（树桩）accidentallyandbreakitsneck.Thefarmertooktherabbithome,andcookedhimselfadeliciousmeal.Thatnighthethought,'Ineedn'tworksohard.AllIhavetodoiswaitforarabbiteachdaybythestump.'Sofromthenonhegaveupfarming,andsimplysatbythestumpwaitingforrabbitstocomeandrunintoit.•Thisidiomsatirizesthosewhojustwaitforastrokeofluck,ratherthanmakingeffortstoobtainwhattheyneed.•宋国有个农夫正在田里翻土。突然，他看见有一只野兔从旁边的草丛里慌慌张张地窜出来，一头撞在田边的树墩子上，便倒在那儿一动也不动了。农民走过去一看：兔子死了。因为它奔跑的速度太快，把脖子都撞折（shé）了。农民高兴极了，他一点力气没花，就白捡了一只又肥又大的野兔。他心想；要是天天都能捡到野兔，日子就好过了。从此，他再也不肯出力气种地了。每天，他把锄头放在身边，就躺在树墩子跟前，等待着第二只、第三只野兔自己撞到这树墩子上来。世上哪有那么多便宜事啊。农民当然没有再捡到撞死的野兔，而他的田地却荒芜了。•这个成语用来讽刺那些坐等机遇的人，而不是通过努力而获取他们的所需。画蛇添足•IntheWarringStatesPeriod,amaninthestateofChuwasofferingasacrifice（祭品）tohisancestors.Aftertheceremony,themangaveabeakerofwinetohisservants.Theservantsthoughtthattherewasnotenoughtwineforallofthem,anddecidedtoeachdrawapictureofsnake;theonewhofinishedthepicturefirstwouldgetthewine.Oneofthemdrewveryrapidly.Seeingthattheotherswerestillbusydrawing,headdedfeettothesnake.Atthismoment,anothermanfinished,snatchedthebeaker（烧杯，大口杯）anddrankthewine,saying,Asnakedoesn'thavefeet.Howcanyouaddfeettoasnake?•Thisidiomreferstoruiningaventurebydoingunnecessaryandsurplusthings.•楚国有一家人，祭过了祖宗之後，便将一壶祭祀时用的酒，留给办事人员喝。办事人员很多，仅仅一壶酒，到底给谁喝呢？有人提议让每人在地上画一条蛇，谁画得快画得好，就把这壶酒给他。大家都认为这办法很好。有一个人很快就把蛇画好了。这壶酒就归他所得。这时，他回头看别人，都没有画好，就得意扬扬地说：你们画得好慢呀ⅵ等我再画上几只脚吧ⅵ正在他画蛇脚的时候，另一个人已经把蛇画好了。那人把酒壶夺了过去说：蛇是没有脚的，你怎麽画上了脚？说罢，就喝起酒来。•画蛇添上脚：比喻增添多余的东西。滥竽充数•DuringtheWarringStatesPeriod(475-221BC),theKingoftheStateofQiwasveryfondoflisteningtoyuensembles.Heoftengottogether300yuplayerstoformagrandmusic.Thekingtreatedhismusicianverywell.AmannamedNanguoheardaboutthatandhemanagedtobecomeamemberoftheband,eventhoughhewannotgoodatplayingtheinstrumentatall.Wheneverthebandplayedfortheking,Nanguojuststoodinthelineandpretendedtoplay.Nobodyrealizedhewasmakingnosoundatall.Asaresult,heenjoyedhistreatmentjustastheothermusiciandid.Whenthekingdied,hissonbecamethenewrulerwhoalsolikedthemusicplayedontheyu.However,hepreferredsolossothatheorderedthemusicianstoplaytheyuonebyone.Therefore,Nanguohadtorunoutofthepalace.•theidiomBetherejusttomakeupthenumberisusedtomocksomeonewhopassesforaspecialist.Youcanalsohearpeoplesayingitaboutthemselvestoshowtheirmodesty.•战国时，齐宣王喜欢听竽，通常是三百人的大合奏。因为他给予乐师非常优厚的待遇，所以一个叫南郭的人尽管并不擅长吹竽，也设法混进乐队。当乐队演奏时，他就站在队伍里假装也在吹。没有人注意到其实他连一点声音也没吹出来，所以南郭也享受到和其他乐师一样的待遇。宣王死后，他的儿子继承了王位。他也喜欢听竽，可是他喜欢听独奏，让乐师一个个吹给他听，于是南郭不得不逃跑了。•滥竽充数这个成语用来嘲笑那些没有真正才干，混在行家里的人。人们有时也用滥竽充数来表示自谦THANKYOU!审计2班钟丽娜201210030212