倒装句用法及练习

思考：（一）句子的语序（二）倒装的分类（三）倒装产生的原因英语句子的自然语序：主语在前,谓语在后（主语+谓语）。把谓语动词放在主语之前（谓语+主语）,就叫倒装语序。如果全部谓语放在主语之前,叫全部倒装;如果把谓语的一部分（通常是助动词、情态动词或be动词）放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。语序自然语序主语+谓语Theboycamein.倒装语序完全倒装谓语动词+主语Incametheboy.部分倒装助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语Nevershallweforgetthem.倒装的原因：引起倒装的两个原因：语法需要和修辞需要在语法需要时，倒装是必须的，否则会出现语法错误；在修辞需要时，倒装是任意的，目的是为了强调，否则的话，还可以还原成自然语序。请观察：Themen’s110hurdlescomenow.Theathletesrushout.Theyjumpup.Johnrunssofastthathebreakstheschoolrecord.Weshallneverforgettheexcitingmoment.Nowcomethemen’s110hurdles.Outrushtheathletes.Uptheyjump.SofastdoesJohnrunthathebreakstheschoolrecord.Nevershallweforgettheexcitingmoment.（一）完全倒装的情况：1.表方位的副词here,there或out,in,up,down,away,off，now,then,等标志词放在句首，句子用完全倒装。E.g.1）Herecomesthebus.2）Outrushedthechildren.3）Awaywenttheboy.此时主语必须是名词,谓语是系动词或不及物动词；主语若是代词时,不需要倒装。e.g.Outitrushed.Hereyouare.注意【疑难1】Heisactiveinpersonality,andheseldomstaysindoors.(无助动词)Heisactiveinpersonality,andseldomdoeshestayindoors.(把stays改成doesstay)【解析】若原句中没有助动词，必须根据谓语动词的具体时态来确定相应的助动词do,does或did。【疑难2】1)NotonlychildrenbutalsoadultsareinterestedinthefilmHarryPotter.2)Welostnotonlyourmoney,butwealsolostourway.【解析】Notonly…butalso连接两个并列主语时不可倒装。只有在连接两个句子且将notonly所连接的句子提到句首时，才可用倒装，butalso后面的句子不倒装。前倒后不倒.Notonlydidweloseallourmoney,butwealsolostourway.1）Notonly________________________,heisalsogoodatspeakingit.John不仅喜欢中文，他的中文还说得很好。2）Notonlythemotherbutalsothechildren_____sick(be)3）Notonly______________，butalsohewasveryhappy.他不仅来了，还很开心。doesheloveChinesearedidhecome【疑难3】Thevillagersdidnotrealizehowseriousthepollutionwasuntilallthefishdiedintheriver.→Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriverdidthevillagersrealizehowseriousthepollutionwas.(将until后面的全部内容提前)【解析】notuntil提前时，要用倒装，且必须将notuntil后面的全部内容提前，而不仅仅是notuntil这两个词。Notuntil放在句首,从句不倒装,主句倒装。1）直到上个星期他们才找到丢了的自行车。Theydidnotfindthelostbikeuntillastweek.Notuntillastweekdidtheyfindthelostbike.2）知道我儿子上了大学他才意识到时间的重要性。Mysondidn’trealizetheimportanceoftimeuntilheenteredtheuniversity.Notuntilmysonhadenteredtheuniversitydidherealizetheimportanceoftime.【疑难4】Ihadhardlygottotheairportwhentheplanetookoff.→HardlyhadIgottotheairportwhentheplanetookoff.(注意谓语动词时态)【解析】在“hardly/scarcely…when/nosooner”位于句首时，要用部分倒装。nosooner…than…,hardly/scarcely…when…表示“一…就…时,主句用过去完成时(倒装),从句用过去时。前倒后不倒.我刚刚到家就下起了雨。Ihadnosoonergothomethanitbegantorain.Ihadhardly/scarelygothomewhenitbegantorain.NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.Hardly/scarelyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.【疑难5】Ineitherwantedtoseethefilmnorboughttheticket.→NeitherdidIwanttoseethefilmnordidIbuytheticket.【解析】neither…nor句型中两个句子都需要部分倒装。6.only修饰的状语放在句首时,主句倒装。e.g.(1)你只有用这种方法才能学好英语。OnlyinthiswaycanyoulearnEnglishwell.(2)只有他有时间的话他才会来。Onlyifhehastimewillhecomehere.(3)他被请了3次才来开会。Onlyafterbeingaskedthreetimesdidhecometothemeeting.(4)Onlythatboycanworkouttheproblem.只有那个男孩才能解答出这个问题。【结论】1.“only＋状语(或状语从句)”放在句首时，句子用部分倒装。倒装主句而不倒装从句，即：“主倒从不倒”。2.only之后强调的不是状语而是主语部分时，不可倒装。3.only后被强调的状语一般为副词（如then等）、介词短语（inthisway)或状语从句（when从句）。(1)Itispossibletoexplainitonlybythisway.→Onlyinthisway_______________________(2)Irealizedtheimportanceofmathonlythen.→Onlythen___________________________(3)Hewasabletogethappilybacktoworkonlywhenthewarwasoverin1918.→Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918_____________________________________isitpossibletoexplainit.didIrealizetheimportanceofmath.washeabletogethappilybacktowork.7.在“so…that”和“such…that”表程度时，将“so＋adj.”和“such＋n.”提到句首时，句子用部分倒装。前倒后不倒.e.g.(1)Soterriblewasthestormthatthewholeroofwasblownoff.暴风雨如此厉害，整个屋顶都被吹掉了。(2)SuchacleverboywasJackthathewasabletoworkoutallthesedifficultproblems.杰克是如此聪明的孩子，他能解答所有这些难题。8.as/though(虽然，尽管）引导的让步状语从句，只须把表语,状语,或动词原形提到as前。主谓不发生倒装。Tiredashefelt,hekeptonworking.Childashewas,hecouldworkouttheproblem.Bad-temperedmanasheis,helovesmedeeply.MuchashelikesEnglish,heisnotgoodatit.Tryaswemight,wecouldnotbringhimaroundtoacceptourview.注意：作表语的单数可数名词提到主语前时不带冠词。as也可以替换成though.9.虚拟条件句中如果谓语动词含有were,should,had这三个词,可以把were,should,had放在句首,并去掉if。1）Ifhehadcomeyesterday,hewouldhaveknownit.=Hadhecomeyesterday,hewouldhaveknownit.2）IfIwerethere,Iwouldhelpthem.=WereIthere,Iwouldhelpthem.3）IfIshouldhave200,000yuan,Iwouldbuyagoodcar.=ShouldIhave200,000yuan,Iwouldbuyagoodcar.10.表示时间频率的状语位于句首时，且表示强调时，句子用倒装语序。常用的频率状语有always,usually,often,nowandthen,once,manyatime,everyday等。Eg.1）Oftendidhecometomyhomeinthepast.2）ManyatimehaveIseenherwalkingaloneinthestreet.1.Little_____________(hecare)aboutwhatothersthink.2.Nosooner________________(Ihadsetoff)thanitbegantorain.3.Hardly____________(Ihadreached)thebusstopwhenthebusstarted.4.Suzycan'trideabike;nor__________(Curry).5.Only_________(hecan)answerthequestion.巩固练习:hadIreachedhecancanCurrydoeshecarehadIsetoff6.Onlyifyouworkhard____________(youcanmake)progressinyourEnglish.7.Notonly______________(SamloveChinese),butalso___________(heisgoodat)speakingit.8.Notuntil_____________(Ibegan)towork________(Irealize)howmuchtimeIhadwasted.9.Nomatterhowbusy_____________(heis)，healwayscomestohelpus．canyoumakeIbeganheisheisgoodatdoesSamloveChinesedidIrealize10.Soloudly__________(hespeak)thateverypeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.didhespeak11.(1)HehasbeentoBeijing