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十一、主旨大意——标题归纳题专题二第二节分类突破真题感悟名师点津内容索引随堂限时练真题感悟(2018·浙江，B)StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyouconsiderthathe’sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter，includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein’sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbags.Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts(收银台).Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia，includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds，plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.Amongthebagmakers’arguments：manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbags，whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduceandtransport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat，theyrepresentasmallpercentageofallgarbageonthegroundtoday.Theindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement：reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis，thelongeritslifeandthemoreplastic-baguseitcancelsout.However，longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeusedatleast131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文，主要介绍了环境科学家史蒂文·斯坦支持提倡使用塑料袋的做法，由此引出了对于塑料袋、纸袋、可重复使用袋的讨论。Environmentalistsdon’tdispute(质疑)thesepoints.Theyhopepaperbagswillbebannedsomedaytooandwantshopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.语篇解读24.WhathasStevenSteinbeenhiredtodo?A.Helpincreasegrocerysales.B.Recyclethewastematerial.C.Stopthingsfallingofftrucks.D.Arguefortheuseofplasticbags.解析细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句和第二段最后一句可知，塑料购物袋制造商雇用像Stein这样的科学家来说明他们的产品并不像大多数人认为的那样对地球有那么大的危害，所以D项“据理支持使用塑料袋”正确。√答案解析25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“headwinds”inParagraph2referto?A.Bansonplasticbags.B.Effectsofcitydevelopment.C.Headachescausedbygarbage.D.Plasticbagshungintrees.解析词义猜测题。画线单词所在句意为“看到这种‘逆风’，塑料购物袋制造商雇用像Stein这样的科学家来说明他们的产品不像大多数人认为的那样对地球有那么大的危害”。联系上一句“Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesin...”可知，A项“禁止使用塑料袋”为正确选项。√答案解析26.Whatisadisadvantageofreusablebagsaccordingtoplastic-bagmakers?A.Theyarequiteexpensive.B.Replacingthemcanbedifficult.C.Theyarelessstrongthanplasticbags.D.Producingthemrequiresmoreenergy.解析细节理解题。根据题干信息“可重复使用的购物袋的缺点”可定位到倒数第二段倒数第二句“...longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.”，这种可长期重复使用的购物袋的生产需要更多的能源，故选D项。√答案解析27.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Plastic，PaperorNeitherB.Industry，PollutionandEnvironmentC.RecycleorThrowAwayD.GarbageCollectionandWasteControl解析标题归纳题。本文主要叙述了三个方面的内容：塑料购物袋产生“白色垃圾”；塑料购物袋制造商想出了对策——用可重复使用的购物袋；环保专家希望塑料袋和纸袋都不用。故A项“塑料袋、纸袋或者两者都不用”可作为文章的最佳标题。√答案解析名师点津一、题型解读记叙文、说明文和议论文三种文体涉及的不同话题的阅读材料都会考查到标题归纳题。设问形式常有：(1)Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?(2)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage/text?(3)Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?(4)Themostsuitabletitleofthispassageis.一个好的标题应具备三大特点：概括——准确而又简短；针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；醒目——能引发读者的阅读欲望。二、解题技巧1.“高度概括”定标题(1)所选文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容。标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。为吸引读者的注意，标题往往比较醒目。(2)一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断，但在某些文章中，如记叙文，没有明确的主题句，需要根据文中的事实细节，查找文章的“主线”，归纳出文章的主题。2.文章标题三特点(1)形式一般为单词、短语或句子，短语居多；(2)短小精悍，精确性强；(3)涵盖性强，能覆盖全文大意。例如：【真题感悟】中第27题，要求概括标题，本文讲述了使用塑料袋造成的环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。文章对这三个方面进行了对比，Plastic，PaperorNeither既能概括全文，又能吸引读者，适合作为标题。随堂限时练A(2018·河南六市第一次联考)Inthefallof1988，IvisitedmanyBuddhisttemples，butafterawhiletheyallbeganto9fadefrommymemories.However，therewasonetemplethatleftagreatimpressioninmyheart.ItiscalledtheTempleoftheGoldenBuddha.Afterwalkingarounditandtakingsomephotos，Iwalkedovertoaglasscase，nexttowhichwasatypewrittenpagedescribingthehistoryofthismagnificentpieceofart.Backin1957agroupofmonksfromamonastery(修道院)hadto5relocatea1clayBuddhafromtheirtempletoanewlocation.Themonasterywastoberelocatedtomakeroomforthedevelopmentofahighway.Whenthecrane(吊车)begantoliftit，theweightofitwassolargethatitbeganto2crack.What’smore，rainbegantofall.Theheadmonkdecidedtolowerthestatuebacktothegroundandcoveritwithalargeoilclothtoprotectitfromtherain.LaterthateveningtheheadmonkwenttocheckontheBuddha.Heshinedhisflash-lightundertheoilclothtoseeiftheBuddhawasstayingdry.Asthelightreachedthecrack，henoticedalittlebeamshiningbackandthoughtitstrange.Ashetookacloserlookatthisbeamoflight，hewonderediftheremightbesomethingunderneaththeclay.Hewenttofetchachiselandhammerfromthemonasteryandbegantochipawayattheclay.Asheknockedoffpiecesofclay，thelittlebeamgrewbrighterandbigger.Manyhoursoflaborwentbybeforethemonkstoodfacetofacewiththeextraordinarysolid-goldBuddha.Historiansbelievethatseveralhundredyearsbeforetheheadmonk’sdiscovery，thearmywasabouttoinvadethecountry.Themonks，realizingthattheircountrywouldsoonbeattacked，coveredtheirpreciousgoldenBuddhawithanoutercoveringofclayinordertokeeptheirtreasurefrombeingrobbedbytheenemy.Unfortunately，itappearsthattheenemykilledallthemonks，andthewell-keptsecretofthegoldenBuddharemaineduncovereduntilthedayin1957.AsIflewhomeIbegantothinktomyself，“WeareallliketheclayBuddhacoveredwithashellofhardnesscreatedoutoffear，andyetunderneatheachofusisa‘g