中国瓷器介绍-英文版

瓷器ChinaChinaisthehometownofchina.Theinventionofchinaisagreatcontributiontoworldcivilization.InEnglish,chinameansporcelain（瓷器）.HistoryofdevelopmentPrimitive-celadonappearedintheShangDynasty,thenfromtheWesternZhouDynasty,theWarringStatestotheEasternHanDynasty,throughthe1600years’changeanddevelopment,porcelainfiringtechnologyhadbeenimprovedgradually.TheDevelopmentofPorcelainAroundthe16thcenturyBCinShangDynasty,theearlyChineseporcelainappeared.Asitwasstillroughonthefiringprocess,itcanbeonlycalledproto-porcelain(原始瓷).proto-porcelainHanDynastyAfterlong-termimprovements,in2centurytheendoftheHanDynasty,thematureceladonwascreated,inthehistoryofourcountry'spotteryitwasanimportantmilestone.JinandsouthernandnortherndynastiesToJin,originalporcelainhadbeeneliminated,atthesametimecolorporcelainappeared.Theperiodalsoappearedblackporcelain.BlackporcelainWhiteporcelainSongDynastyTotheSongDynasty,porcelainkilnshavebeenoverhalfofChinese,isthemostprosperousperiodforporcelain.ThenJunkiln,Gekiln,Rukiln,GuankilnandtheDingkilnandknownasthefivefamouskilns.FromRukilnFromGuankilnFromDingkilnFromJunkilnSongDynastyisthehighestaesthetic（美学的）eraofporcelain.YuanDynastyisChineseporcelainproductionturningperiod,innovationanddevelopmentinmanyways.TheblueandwhiteporcelainbecamethemainstreamofJingdezhenporcelainproduction.YuanDynastyMingDynastySuccessfullyfiringtheexquisite（精致的）whiteglazeporcelainandthesingle-glazeporcelainwithcopper（铜）asthecoloringagent（色剂）,madetheMingDynastyporcelaincolorful.Theporcelaintechnologycontinuedtoimprove.QingDynastyisthemostprosperousperiodChinaporcelainproduction,thequantityandqualityofporcelainproductionreachedapeak.Anewkindofporcelainhadappeared,whichcalledenamel(珐琅器).QingDynastyBlueandwhiteporcelain（青花瓷）Colorglazeporcelain（颜色釉瓷）FamilleRosePorcelain（粉彩瓷）Glowingporcelain（玲珑瓷）BlueandwhiteporcelainBlueandwhiteporcelainiselegant,noble,andpure,suchastheMillenniumbasket,withitsstrongvitalityandceramicart,becometheperfectcombinationofmodernandtraditional.青花瓷创烧于元代，是以色料在坯胎上描绘纹样，施釉后经高温烧成，釉色晶莹、雅致。青料溶于胎釉之间，发色青翠，虽色相单一，但感觉丰富。青花瓷经久耐用，瓷不碎，色不褪。BlueandwhiteporcelainwasfirstappearedintheYuanDynasty.Itwasformedbyusingpigmenttodepictpatternsonthegreenbodyandfiringathightemperatureafterglazing.Theglazingcolorisglitteringandelegant.Thegreenpigmentdissolveingreenbody,showingaverdantcolor.Althoughithassinglehue,itstillgivespeoplerichfeeling.Blueandwhiteporcelainisdurable。itwillnotfadeuntilbrokenThemostexpensiveblueandwhiteporcelain！！InJuly12,2005,Christie'sauctioninLondon,theYuanDynastyGuiguziblueandwhiteporcelainpotmake14000000pounds,equivalenttoabout230000000yuan,itisthehighestrecordintheworldofChineseartauctionrecord.2005年7月12日，在伦敦佳士德拍卖会上，元代“鬼谷子下山图”青花瓷罐以1400万英镑拍出，折合人民币约2.3亿元，创下了中国艺术品在世界上的最高拍卖纪录。ColorglazeporcelainAncientChinesecraftsmenaddingdifferentmetaloxidesintheglaze,atdifferenttemperaturesandflame,glazewillshowdifferentcolor,toformtherichandcolorfulcolorglazeFamilleRosePorcelainalsocalledsoftporcelain,thefamilleroseasthemaindecorationofFamilleroseporcelain.FamilleRosePorcelainQingEmperorYongzheng清雍正柠檬黄地洋彩浮雕花鸟宝瓶纹六方瓶Poly2009SpringRMB:AuctionPrice67，760，000QingEmperorQianlong清乾隆粉彩七珍象马Poly2009SpringPrice:AuctionRMB403,200QingEmperorDaoguang黄地粉彩花卉碗Poly2009SpringAuctionPriceRMB:224,000Craftsmencarveoutmanyregular“delicateeyes“intheporcelainbody,andthenfiretheseholeswiththeglazeintothebrighthole,verybeautiful,knownascardglassware.GlowingporcelainChineseceramicsoftheSongDynastyconstitutetheforemostexpressionofceramicart.DuringtheSongperiod,aunityoftheessentialcomponentsfundamentaltotheart:vesselshape,pottingtechniques,glaze,decoration,firingprocesses,andaesthetictheorywereallcombinedinahighstandardofexcellence.whichledtoavarietyofclassicwares,usuallyassociatedwithaspecificregionofChina.Theseincludedthecourt-patronizedfivefamouskilns:Ru(汝),Guan(官),Ge(哥),Jun(钧),Ding(定)wares;DingkilnItspasteiswhite,generallycoveredwithanalmosttransparentglazethatdrippedandcollectedin“tears“(蜡泪痕).Duetothewaythedisheswerestackedinthekiln,theedgedremainedunglazed,andhadtoberimmedinmetalsuchasgoldorsilverwhenusedastableware.DingwarewasproducedinDingXian,HebeiProvince.whentheSongemperorscametopowerin940,DingwarewasthefinestporcelainproducedinnorthernChinaatthetime,andwasthefirsttoenterthepalaceforofficialimperialuse.RukilnRuwaresrangeincolor—fromnearlywhitetoadeeprobin'segg—andoftenarecoveredwithreddish-browncrackles.Thecracklesarecausedwhentheglazecoolsandcontractsfasterthanthebody,thushavingtostretchandultimatelytosplit.Songdynastywasthefirstperiodthatviewedcrazingasameritratherthanadefect.玛瑙为釉古相传,雨过天晴云破处RuwarewasproducedinRuzhouHenanprovinceforimperialuseandisthemostfamouswareinthefivekilns.名瓷之首，汝瓷为魁北宋汝窑天青釉葵花洗2012年香港拍卖会，北宋汝窑天青釉葵花洗拍卖2亿港元，刷新宋瓷世界拍卖纪录JunkilnCharacterizedbyathickerbodythanDingorRuware,Juniscoveredwithaturquoiseandpurpleglaze,sothickandviscouslookingthatitalmostseemstobemeltingoffitssubstantialgolden-brownbody.NotonlyareJunvesselsmorethicklypotted,theirshapeismuchmorerobustthanthefineJunpieces.世上朱砂非所拟，西方宝石致难同。——乾隆Junwarewasathirdstyleofporcelainu