专四培训_阅读理解

阅读理解培训大纲要求读懂难度相当于美国Newsweek的国际新闻报道；读懂难度相当于SonsandLovers的文学原著；阅读速度为每分种120-180个单词，理解准确率不低于70%；能在5分钟内速读1000词左右、中等难度的文章，掌握文章的大意。能掌握阅读材料的主旨大意，了解说明该主旨大意的事实和细节；既能理解字面意义，又能进行判断和判断；能根据需要自觉调整阅读速度。测试题型测试时间：25分钟题数：20题分值：20分内容：此部分由数篇阅读材料组成，共长1800个单词左右。题材广泛，体裁多样。注：此部分是对考生语言综合运用能力的检验，要求考生既有相当的阅读速度，又有较高的理解水平。在体裁方面，大纲要求充分体现其多样性，体裁包括记叙文、描写文、说明文、议论文以及广告、说明书、图表等应用文体，但主要以议论或说明文为主，每套试题中兼顾一篇记叙文或描写文等。阅读理解文章的来源多为英语国家原版报刊或书籍，大多数为论说性文章，考生应该注意这种倾向。阅读材料的语言难度中等，重点词汇基本上不超出大纲规定的范围。题目命制一般遵循以下基本原则：第一、试题严格按照考试大纲规定的评价目标和试卷结构进行命制。命题内容不超过大纲的评价目标，题型和题量也要严格按照大纲的规定命制。在选取文章时，要注意文章的选材范围和难度，力图让考生在充分理解文章的基础上对问题做出正确的回答，同时要使试题具备适当的难度和较高的效度、信度和区分度，以实现考试目标。第二、试题指向性必须清楚、准确、周密，易于理解，不出偏题怪题。试题应避免科学性失误，还应避免不健康的、带有各种偏见的语言材料。答案要求明确、合理、唯一。第三、文章、题目安排一般遵循由易到难的原则，方便考生逐步进入答题状态，消除因试题安排不合理导致对考生评价的偏差。考生应掌握一些必备的解题技巧。其中最基本的两项是“精确定位”和“选项分析”。第一，所有阅读考试的核心解题思路就是精确定位。建议考生在阅读时，每读完一个段落就简短地总结一下，争取养成对段落大意的总结归纳能力，以提高定位的准确度。第二，选项分析是得高分的必修技巧。专业四级阅读文章都精选自英语报刊杂志或网站，但是命题却由中国本土专家精心设计，其中的选项设置具备相当的难度。只有摸清了命题专家的出题模式和选项设置规律，才能真正取得高分。一、篇首、篇尾、段首、段尾处常考Everyyearthousandsofpeoplearearrestedandtakentocourtforshop-lifting.InBritainalone,aboutHK$3,000,000’sworthofgoodsarestolenfromshopseveryweek.ThisamountstosomethinglikeHK$150millionayear,andrepresentsabout4percentoftheshops’totalstock.Asaresultofthis“shrinkage”astheshopscallit,thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices.常出题点Whydoesthehonestpublichavetopayhigherpriceswhentheygototheshops?A.Thereisa“shrinkage”inmarketvalues.B.Manygoodsarenotavailable.C.Goodsinmanyshopslackvariety.D.Therearemanycasesofshop-liftingTherewasnothingmuchIwantedtoeat:theremainsofabunchofcelery,ablue-tingedheelofbread,alemongoingsoft.I’vefallenintothehabitsofthesolitary;mymealsaresnatchedandrandom.Theauthordidn’tlikethefoodintherefrigeratorbecauseitwasNOT______.A.freshB.sufficientC.nutritiousD.delicious二、特殊标点处常考三、语义转折处常考Butnotemperaturemadethemadelephantsmoremadormoresane.Theirwearisomeheadswentupanddownatthesamerate,inhotweatherandincold,wetweatheranddry,fairweatherandfoul.Only_____werenotaffectedbyweather.A.theworkmenB.theinhabitantsC.thesteam-enginesD.therustlingwoods四、列举、举例或打比方处常考Manyemployers,forexample,willoverlookoccasionalinefficienciesfromtheirsecretaryprovidedshehasapleasantpersonality.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatanemployermighttoleratehissecretary’soccasionalmistakes,ifthelatteris_____.A.directB.cheerfulC.shyD.capable五、因果关系处常考Sevenwasanothersignificantnumber,usuallyregardedasabringerofgoodluck….Nineisusuallythoughtofasaluckynumberbecauseitistheproductofthreetimesthree.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinggroupsofnumberswillcertainlybringgoodlucktopeople?A.3and7B.3and9C.7and9D.3and13六、复杂句、特殊句处常考…women’smagazinewiththegoodsadvertisedbythoseperiodicals…Acarefulbalancehastobestruck:ifyoushowalabor-savingdevice,followitupwithacomplicatedrecipeonthenextpage;onnoaccounthintatthenotionthatawomancouldgetherselfajob,butinsteadfosterhersenseofherownusefulness,emphasizingthecreativeaspectofherfunctionasahousewife.Thegoodsadvertisedinwomen’smagazinesarereallymeantto____.A.freehousewivesfromhouseworkB.encouragehousewivestogoouttoworkC.makehousewivesintoexcellentcooksD.givethemafalsesenseoffulfillment七、否定处常考Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.Theauthorthinksthatpeopleare_____.A.Satisfiedwiththeirappearance.B.ConcernedaboutappearanceinoldageC.FarfromneglectingwhatisinfashionD.Reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashion八、文中人物观点处常考Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke.Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield,andsomeofthemhavefoundthattherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?A.Biologistsareconductingresearchwherepsychologistshavegivenup.B.Braindifferencespointtosuperiorityofonesexovertheother.C.Resultsofscientificresearchfailtosupportpopularbelief.D.Thestructuraldifferenceinthebrainbetweenthesexeshaslongbeenknown.按照大纲要求，考生“能掌握所读材料的主旨大意，了解说明主旨大意的事实和细节；既理解字面意思，又能根据所读材料进行判断和推理；既能理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文的逻辑关系。该能力要求实际上包含了五个层次，对应了五种基本题型：事实细节题、推理判断题、语义理解题、观点态度题和主旨大意题。当然，以上分类只是一个粗略划分，不排除很多题型兼而有之，如有些细节题离不开推断，主旨题也需要对细节的兼顾等。具体可做以下区分：历年专业四级英语阅读题的题型可以概括为5种：事实细节题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、语义理解题、观点态度题。事实细节题主要考查对阅读材料的某一特定细节或文章主要事实的理解，问题主要包括询问人(who)、物(what)、时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(cause)、结果(effect)以及文中数据(data)等。此类题更多将题目信息与原文有关细节进行语义转换，做题时易犯的错误是未注意转换的准确性，从而导致错误。有时命题人会故意利用一些貌合神离的手段，比如给出与原文中一模一样的字眼来迷惑考生，而实际上选项中的字眼与文中的相同字眼却不是对应同一事情。一、同义转述为解SendingachildtoschoolinEnglandisastepwhichmanyparentsdonotfindeasytotake.Intheory,atleast,theproblemisthatthereareverymanychoicestomake.Parentsfindchoosingaschoolhardbecause____.A.thereisalimitednumberofchoicesB.someschoolsareveryexpensiveC.someschoolsaregovernmentschoolsD.theyarefacedwithavarietyofoffers二、与原文矛盾不为解Itwasnotuntilthe13thand14thcenturiesthatsurnamesbecamefixed,althoughformanyyearsafterthat,thedegreeofstabilityinfamilynamesvariedconsiderablyindifferentpartsofthecountry.Welearnfromthefirstparagraph____formanyyearsafterthe13thand14thcenturies.A.familynamesbecamedescriptiveandoccupatio