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灾后儿童心理救助呼唤多元化音乐治疗Children’sMentalReliefafterEarthquakeRequiresDiverseMusicTherapy作者：刘小天Author:LiuXiaotian摘要：本文在国内首次从多元化视角论述了中国音乐治疗实践中文化背景与治疗模式的关系。通过对儿童心理救助的案例，阐述了必须尊重并遵循儿童的文化背景，家族状况、年龄特点和地域特征，同时立足并借助西方音乐和西方音乐治疗的科学理论，根据不同对象，融会贯通地制定治疗方案，才能达到相应疗效。文中论述了音乐疗法对于儿童心理救助不可多得的效应。重点描述了人文背景及年龄段对于音乐治疗的特殊要求。也阐明了针对多元化视域，因人而异采用的多元化手法音乐治疗的进程及效果。Abstract:ThepaperfirstlydiscussestherelationshipbetweentheculturalbackgroundandtherapytypeinChinesemusictherapypracticefrommulti-aspectofviewinChina.Itispresentedinthepaperthatthechildren’sculturalbackground,familystatus,agefeatureandregionalcharactersmustberespectedthroughthechildren’smentalreliefcase.Inaddition,thecorrespondingcurativeeffectcanbereachedviasettingdownthepropertherapyschemewiththescientifictheoryofwesternmusicandwesternmusictherapy,andbasedondifferentobjects.Thepaperpresentstheuniqueeffectofmusictherapytochildren’smentalrelief,andemphasizesthespecialrequirementsofhumanizedbackgroundandagetomusictherapy.Furthermore,thepaperalsoilluminatestheprogressandeffectofdiversemusictherapythatisadoptedformultiaspectofviewandvariousobjects.与儿童语言沟通无奈时，音乐出现了TheMusicEmergeswhenLanguageCommunicationwithChildrenFailstoWork面对突然降临的震灾，儿童心灵蒙受打击最大。稳定的空间刹那间消失，疼爱的亲人瞬间离散，熟悉的环境猛然面目全非。全国倾力援助中，家园重建会很快，但这些儿童默默承受的心灵创伤若不救助，潜隐的心理损害，在他们一生中，将远远超过灾难本身。Facingthesuddenearthquakedisaster,thechildren’sheartsuffersattackfiercely.Thestablespacedisappearsinstantly,thefamilyseparatesandthefamiliarenvironmentbecomesstrangesuddenly.Afterearthquake,thehomelandcanbeconstructedquicklywiththegreateffortofhelpofthepeopleallthecountry;however,ifthehearthurtfailstobehealedforthesechildrenindisaster-hitarea,thehiddenmetalwoundwillbemoreseriousthanthedisasteritselfintheirlife.儿童生活视域窄，抗压能力弱，心理干预所必备的沟通与交流能力，表达与接受的能力，都远低于成人。晤谈的治疗的实施效果相对有限。同时，他们处于“学语期”，心理危机一般数月才达到高峰。所以，成人与儿童的语言交流沟通，很难达到治疗所需维度。尤其灾难发生两个月内，晤谈式干预治疗甚至很危险。即便儿童主动述说，也尽量谨慎维持处理。Thechildrenliveinthenarrowspacewiththeweakpressureresistanceskill,thecommunicationskillrequiredformentalinterventionandabilityofexpressionaswellasacceptanceforchildrenaremuchlowerthantheadults,thus,thetherapyviatalkingwiththemcanreachtherelativelylimitedeffect.Inthemeantime,theyareinlanguagestudystageandthementalcrisiscanbethepeakwithinseveralmonths.Therefore,itishardtoreachthetherapyeffectviathelanguagecommunicationbetweentheadultsandchildren,especiallywithintwomonthsafterearthquake.Theinterventiontherapyviatalkingwithchildrenisevenhazardous.Itshouldkeepcautioustochildren’sactivenarration.目前针对灾后儿童的大量温情慰问或热情鼓励，也许反而加深了对象内心残酷记忆与美好场景间的矛盾，或许强化了儿童对心灵的锁闭性防护。Atpresent,alotoftendercomfortorpassionateencouragementgiventothechildrensufferedfromtheearthquakemayincreasethecontradictionbetweenthecruelmemoryofinnerheartandthesoundsceneoftheobjects,orstrengthenthechildren’smentalblockingprotection联合国儿童基金会专家杰弗里-基尔说，大多数儿童都有与生俱来的“韧性”，虽然灾难带来创伤，但只要针对性提供艺术治疗等心理修复，儿童会很快扫除灾难的心理阴影。JeffreyGere,anexpertfromUNCF,saysthatmostofchildrenhavetheinstinctivetenacity.Thementalreliefsuchastheproperarttherapycanhealthechildren’smentalwoundquicklythoughtheysufferinthedisaster.但是，单一的愉悦稳定型的艺术疗法，如欢快乐曲、抒情儿歌、效果类似单边式鼓励语言的误区。科学审慎对待这类特殊群体，就必须严格遵循心理学和音乐治疗的专业原则，把救助方案调整到多元化视角。However,thesinglejovialityandstable-basedarttherapiessuchasthejoyousmusicandlyricchildren’ssongaresimilartotheeffectofunilaterallanguageencouragement.Itmustcomplywiththedisciplineprincipleofpsychicsandmusictherapy,andadjustthereliefschemetothemulti-aspectofviewwhentreatingthesespecialgroupsscientificallyandcarefully.大脑科学的研究表明：音乐的波动，对儿童影响最大，因为，音乐以生物电的形式最易于影响儿童相对空白的记忆神经元，使大脑神经元上的突触数增加，轴突变粗，改善进行信息交换和加强思维能力的物质基础，短期内优化儿童的性情、心态和智力。Thecerebrasciencestudyindicatesthattheundulationofmusicinfluencesthechildrenmostly,becausethemusicwithformofbioelectricitycaninfluencetherelativeblankmemorynervecellofchildreneasily,increasethenumberofsynapseonthecerebranervecellandenlargetheaxons,improvetheinformationexchangeandstrengthenthematerialbaseofideationtooptimizethechildren’stemper,attitudeandintellectinashortperiod.因此，采用国际第四代心理治疗流派艾伦·艾维的多元文化咨询与治疗方案，应该是当务之急。务必细致廓清儿童的年龄特征、地域文化、家族背景等多元视域，以此为坐标，拟定个性音乐治疗方案，才可能伴随儿童步入其心灵，烛照她自己去体会、再现、表达、并接受悲哀。促动他们自我唤醒、自我激发对未来的热情。Consequently,itisurgenttoadoptthemulti-culturalconsultationandtherapyschemeofinternational4thgenerationofpsychologicaltherapyschoolwithheadofAlanIvy.Itmustmakeclearthediverseviewsuchaschildren’sagecharacter,regionalcultureandfamilybackground,withwhichasthecoordinatestoestablishtheuniquemusictherapyscheme,sothemusiccanaffectthechildren’sheartandhelpthemexperience,recurandacceptthesadness,makingthemselfawakenandencouragethepassiontothefuture.多元化视角——音乐治疗的准星Multi-aspectofView,theGoalofMusicTherapy在督导寇觉中老师指导下，我针对川陕甘儿童，遵循多元化视域，既针对儿童的文化特点，家族背景，年龄阶段。同时，也融合中国音乐单音深邃特点和西方古典音乐复调优势，搜集了82首三地儿歌、童谣。撷选出中国民乐改编的交响乐、管弦乐等乐曲，因人而异地多元化贯穿执行接触期、认同期、感受期、促动期、辅导期。UndertheinstructionofteacherKouJuezhong,aimingatthechildreninSichuan,ShaanxiandGansudisaster-hitprovinceandcomplyingwiththemulti-aspectofview,Ihavesearched82piecesofchildren’ssongsandnurseryrhymeinthreeprovinces,whichnotonlycorrespondstothechildren’sculturecharacter,familybackgroundandagefeature,butalsofuses