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TheAttributiveClause定语从句(一)句子的分类简单句主语+谓语主语+谓语+宾语主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语主语+系动词+表语并列句表递进表转折表选择表因果其他复合句形容词性从句，即定语从句名词性从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句副词性从句，即状语从句简单句基本类型.Thingschange.•Mysisterwillfixeverything.•Shebecamealawyer.•Hegavehissisterabook.•Ifoundthebookeasy.•I'lllethimgo.主谓主谓宾主谓双宾主系表主谓宾宾补givesbsthsendsbsth系动词（be动词，感官动词）常见的系动词有be,look,sound,smell,taste,feel,get,grow,turn,become,stay,seem等Attribute(定语)1.Heisanhonestboy.2.Weloveourcountry.4.Sheisabeautifulgirl.修饰；限定honestour找出下列句中的定语。beautiful所谓定语，就是对名词或代词起修饰、说明、限制作用的句子成分。•在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句（句意：“……的”）•被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“先行词”。•引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。HeisanEnglishteacherwholikessingingsongs.定语从句先行词关系代词关系词关系副词:where﹑when﹑why定语从句关系代词：who、whom、whose、which、that定语从句的位置定语从句通常放在被修饰词之后。e.g.Thisisthecarwhichheboughtlastyear.先行词定语从句关系代词定语从句两种结构A.主句（先行词）+引导词+从句ThisisthepenthatIboughtyesterday.以上画直线部分为主句，其中pen为先行词，斜体部分为定语从句，整个定语从句修饰先行词pen.B.主句（先行词）+引导词+从句+主句部分ThepenthatIboughtyesterdayismadeinJapan.A句型的特点是主句和从句分为前后两个部分，而B句型的特点是主句被从句隔开。1.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.2.that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。1)Theperson（that/whom）youintroducedtomeisverykind.2)YesterdayIreceivedaletterthat/whichcamefromAustralia.3.who指人，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.4.whom指人，作宾语(作宾语可省略，如介词提前则不能省)Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomItalkedisMr.Li.5.关系代词whose的用法whose指人或物，在从句中作定语。Whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，用作名词的限定语。Heisanexcellentteacher{whosedaughterstudiesabroad.thedaughterofwhomstudiesabroad.Haveyouseenadictionary{.thecoverofwhichisblue?whosecoverisblue?whose经常后接n指人时，相当于n+ofwhom;指物时，相当于n+ofwhich.1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.=Hehasafriendthefatherofwhomisadoctor2)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.指代内容所做成分是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhose关系代词的用法人；物物人人(人/物)的主语,宾语主语,宾语主语,宾语宾语定语作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省可省不可省1.引导定语从句。2.代替先行词。3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。关系词的三个作用:确定关系代词的步骤1.先找先行词，2.看先行词指的是人还是物。3.看关系词在从句中充当的成分。预习内容检测：找出下列句子中的先行词、关系词及定语从句。Theteacherwhoyouwanttoseehascome.其中先行词是其中关系词是其中定语从句是HeisthemanwhomIsawyesterday.其中先行词是其中关系词是其中定语从句是whoTheteacherwhoyouwanttoseethemanwhomIsawyesterdaywhomThefilmwhichwesawlastnightwaswonderful.先行词（关系代词指代做）Teenagersliketogossip,andtheyoftenseesomethingthatisn’treal.(P6)先行词（关系代词指代做）Severaldayslatermostofthebuildingsthathadbeendamagedwererepaired.(P29)先行词（关系代词指代，做）Thisfrightenedboywhosemotherwaslostinthedisasterislookingforhernow.(P29)先行词（关系代词指代，做）Weliveinahousewhosewindowsopenstothesouth.先行词（关系代词指代，做）物宾语物主语定语主语人物物定语filmsomethingbuildingsboyhouse1.Theeggs_________Iboughtwerenotfresh.2.Thefriend________cametosupperlastnightwasnothungry.3.Thehouse______windowisbrokenismine.4.Thenoodles_________youcookedweredelicious.5.Idon’tlikethepeople________smokealot.that/whichwho/thatwhich/thatwhosethat/whothat和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用that而不用which。(1)限制性定语从句中先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,none,few,little,some等不定代词.HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.referencereference(2)Therebe句型中用that。ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰。Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.Thisisthefirsttime(that)IaminBeijing.referencereference(4)先行词前有who或which等疑问词。Whoisthegirlthatdrovethecar?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?referencereference(5)当先行词既有人又有物。Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool.Lookatthemanandhisdonkeythatarewalkingupthestreet.(6)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,theonly,thevery,thelast,just,right等修饰。I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.referencereference1.Hedidall/everything_______hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisistheverything_______Iamafter.3.Wetalkedaboutthemenandthethings_______werememberedatschool.4.Heistheonlyman_______candothework.5.Thisisthefirstthing_______Iwanttosay.6.Heisthefinestman_______Ihaveeverworkedwith.7.Whoistheman_______spoketoyouatthegate.8.Whichisthestar_______isnearesttotheearth.that,whichorwho?thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat(1)紧跟介词作宾语ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunlived.如果介词后置Thisisthehousewhich/thatLuXunlivedin.(2)在非限制性定语从句中Brucewenttowardthefire,whichwasstillsmoking.Hecamelateagain,whichmadetheteacherangry一般用which而不用that的情况。referencereference只用who的情况当先行词是those,she,he,they,one,ones,anyone,anybody等代词时，关系代词用who.•Hewhoknowsothersislearned,andhewhoknowshimselfiswise.知人者智，自知者明。•Nothingintheworldisdifficultforonewhosetshismindtoit.世上无难事，只怕有心人。•HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.•Thosewhoplaysfirewillburnthemselves.玩火自焚定语从句定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句:①限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、修饰的作用，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不合逻辑。这种定语从句和主句之间不能用逗号隔开.②非限制性定语从句和先行词关系松散，只是对先行词作附加说明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚从句和主句之间须用逗号隔开。限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用“，”与主句隔开用“，”与主句隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语,如删除,主句失去意义或意思表达不完整。只修饰名词或代词。译法上关系词的使用上只是对先行词的补充说明,如删除,主句仍能表达完整的意思.既修饰一个词还修饰一个句子。译成先行词的定语“…的”通常译成主句的并列句1.作宾语时常省略1.作宾语时不可省略2.可用that2.不用that3.可用who代替whom3.不用who