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宾语从句和表语从句详解名词性从句指的是在整个句子中起名词作用的从句。这种从句可以做主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，所以这类从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。各种名词性从句的结构都是相同的，即由if，whether，that和各种疑问词充当连接词，后接陈述语序。例如：Whattheyaredoingseemsveryimportant．（主语从句）他们在做的事似乎很重要。Myhopeisthathewillbethebeststudentintheclass．（表语从句）我的愿望是他能够成为班上最好的学生。Nobodyknowswhoheis．（宾语从句）大家都不知道他是谁。Idon'tliketheideathatmoneyiseverything．（同位语从句）我不喜欢金钱就是一切这一观点。引导名词性从句的连接词中，除了that，if和whether之外其它的都作从句中的一个成分。【宾语从句】在句子中作动词或介词宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。引导宾语从句的词有连词that，whether，if；连接代词who，which，what以及其强调形式whoever，whichever，whatever；连接副词when，where，why，how等。例如：DoyouknowwheretheGreenslive?Ihavenointerestinhowrichheis．宾语从句主要用于下面五种结构：1．由that引导的宾语从句（that引导宾语从句时，特别是在口语中可省略）Theboybelievesthathewilltravelthroughspacetootherplanets．that引导的宾语从句多用于say，think，insist，wish，hope，demand，imagine，wonder，know，suppose，see，believe，agree，admit，deny，expect，explain，order，command，feel，dream，suggest，hear，mean，notice，prefer，request，require，propose，declare，report等后。当主句谓语动词是think，believe，suppose，expect等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。例如：Idon’tthinkitisrightforhimtotreatyoulikethat．（＝Ithinkitisnotrightforhim…．）that不能省略的情况：（1）当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。如：Hesaid（that）youweretooyoungtounderstandthematterandthathewasaskednottotellyou．（2）当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。如：JustthenInoticed，forthefirsttime，thatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoatandhisblacksilkcap．（3）当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。如：Ican’ttellhimthathismotherdied．2．由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see，say，tell，ask，answer，know，decide，show，findout，imagine，suggest，doubt，wonder，discover，understand，inform，advise等。Ican’tdecidewhichbookIshouldbuy．3．由whether（if）引导的宾语从句Iwonderwhether（if）theywillcometoourparty．由whether（if）引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用。4．宾语从句后带有宾补时，需用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在句后，这时that不省略。例如：Hethoughtitwrongthattheyleftthechildaloneathome．【表语从句】在句子中作表语的从句叫做表语从句。引导表语从句的词有连词that，whether；连接代词who，what，which；连接副词when，where，how，why以及其它连词asif，asthough，because等。例如：Thequestioniswhetheritisworthreading．TheyarejustwhatIwant．That’swhytheywerelate．1．含有表语从句的复合句中的主语通常是fact，truth，explanation，problem，opinion，view等。如：Thefactisthatfishcan'tgowithoutwater．事实是鱼离开水不能存活。2．asif（asthough）也可以用于表语从句。但多是以下面形式出现。主语＋look（seem）asif＋从句如：Itlookedasifitwasgoingtosnow．Itseemsasiftherewillbeaquarrelsoon．注意：不用if引导表语从句。reason做主语时，表语从句应由that引导，不用because。that引导表语从句时，通常不能省略。专项练习1．—IflewtoNewYorkforthetalkshowonTVlastweek．—Isthat______youhadafewdaysoff?A．whyB．whenC．whatD．where2．Iaskher_____comewithme．A．ifshewillB．ifwillsheC．whetherwillsheD．willshe3．Itwasamatterof_______wouldtaketheposition．A．whoB．whoeverC．whomD．whomever4．Canyoutellme________?A．whoisthatgentlemanisB．thatgentlemaniswhoC．whothatgentlemanisD．whomisthatgentleman5．Canyoutellme________therailwaystation?A．howIcangettoB．whatcanIgettoC．whereIcangottoD．wherecanIgetto6．Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild________heorshewants．A．howeverB．whateverC．whicheverD．whenever7．Doyouknow________?A．whatishisnameB．howishisnameC．whathisnameisD．howhisnameis8．Goandgetyourcoat．It's________youleftit．A．thereB．whereC．therewhereD．wherethere9．Iwonderhowmuch________．A．doesthewatchcostB．didthewatchcostC．thewatchcostedD．thewatchcosts10．Itwas_____hesaid_____disappointedme．A．what；thatB．that；thatC．what；whatD．that；what11．IsMaryfromNewYorkCity?Idon'tknow_______．A．fromwhatcitydoesshecomefromB．fromwhatcityshecomeC．whatcitydoesshecomefromD．whatcityshecomesfrom12．Henrykilledthedog．I'llaskhimwhy________．A．didhedothatB．hedidthatC．hedidD．hehasdoneso13．HaveyouseenHenrylately?Mybosswantstoknow________．A．howheisgettingalongB．howishegettingalongC．whatheisgettingalongD．whatishegettingalong14．Iamsure________hesaidistrue．A．thatB．aboutthatC．ofthatD．thatwhat15．Youcan’timagine________whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents．A．howtheywereexcitedB．howexcitedtheywereC．howexcitedweretheyD．theywerehowexcited16．Whytheexplosionoccurredwas________thelaboratoryattendanthadbeencareless．A．forB．becauseC．sinceD．that17．Wegavehim________helpwecould．A．whichB．whatC．thatD．this18．Excusemewouldyoupleasetellme________?A．whenthesportsmeetistakenplaceB．whenisthesportsmeetgoingtobeheldC．whenisthesportsmeettobeginD．whenthesportsmeetistotakeplace19．Thisbookwillshowyou________canbeusedinothercontexts．A．howyouhaveobservedB．howwhatyouhaveobservedC．thatyouhaveobservedD．howthatyouhaveobserved20．Wheredoyouthink________?A．hashegoneB．hashebeenC．he'sgoneD．washe参考答案：1．A由句子结构得知，空白处应选能在表语从句中作状语的连接副词，A．B．D．三个答案均能满足这一要求，但根据句意应选A，why为连接副词，在表语从句中作原因状语。2．A宾语从句作ask的直接宾语，应用陈述句语序。3．A空白处在宾语从句中做主语，因而可首先排除C、D两项。whoever＝anyonewho与题意不符，故答案为A。4．C宾语从句应用陈述句语序。“你能告诉我那位绅士是谁吗?”5．A问路应该说HowcanIgetto…，宾语从句应用陈述句语序，故选A。6．B空白处为want的宾语，应选用连接代词，而whichever常用作定语，whatever＝anythingthat，故答案为B。7．C8．B9．D10．Awhathesaid在复合句中做主语，that是强调句用法。11．D12．B13．A14．D在作表语的形容词后的宾语从句中的that不可省略。15．B这是一个由how引导的宾语从句，在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序，故答案为B。16．D表语从句中的that不可省略。17．B18．D19．B20．C