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本科毕业设计说明书天然气压缩机毕业设计NATURALGASCOMRRESSORGRADUATIONDESIGN学院：机械工程学院专业班级：过控09—2学生姓名：----指导教师：------副教授2013年6月1日天然气压缩机毕业设计摘要大学毕业设计2I往复式压缩机是工业上使用量大、面广的一种通用机械。立式压缩机是往复活塞式压缩机的一种，属于容积式压缩机，其是利用活塞在气缸中的运动对气体进行挤压使气体压力提高。热力计算、动力计算是压缩机设计计算中基本又是最重要的一项工作，根据任务书提供的介质、气量、压力等参数要求经过计算得到压缩机的相关参数如级数、列数、气缸尺寸、轴功率等以及经过动力计算得到活塞式压缩机的受力情况。活塞式压缩机热力计算、动力计算的结果将为基础设计及整体设计提供原始数据，其计算结果的精确程度体现了压缩机的设计水平。关键词：活塞式压缩机，热力计算，动力计算，整体设计大学毕业设计IINATURALGASCOMRRESSORGRADUATIONDESIGNABSTRACTReciprocatingcompressorisacommontypemachine,usedintheindustry.Verticalcompressorsisakindofreciprocatingcompressor,belongtothecompressor,utilizethepistonsinthecylindermovingtosqueezeonthegas,squeezedthegaspressure.Thermalcalculationanddynamicalcomputationisbasicofcompressordesign’calculation,isalsoanimportantwoke,accordingtomedium,displacement,pressureoftask-book,bycalculatinggettingrelatedparametersofcompressors,suchaslevels,columns,sizeofcylinder,shaftpower,bydynamicalcomputationgettingstressedstatusofapistontypecompression.Heatcalculationanddynamicalcomputationofthepistontypecompressor,whichisprovidingthedesigndataoffoundationdesignandtheoveralldesign.Thecalculationsreflectexactlythedesignlevel.KEYWARDS：pistoncompressor，thermalcalculation，dynamicalcomputation，theoveralldesign大学毕业设计4摘要········································IAbstract·····································II第一章引言····································51.1压缩机设计的意义······························61.2活塞压缩机的工作原理····························61.3活塞压缩机的分类······························71.4压缩机的发展前景······························71.5压缩机设计说明·······························8第二章总体设计··································92.1设计依据及参数·······························92.2总体设计原则································92.3结构方案的选择·······························92.3.1压缩机结构形式的选择························102.3.2运动机构的结构及选择························102.3.3级数选择和各级压力比的分配·····················112.3.4转速和行程的确定··························12第三章热力计算·································143.1确定各级的容积效率····························153.1.1确定各级的容积系数·························153.1.2选取压力系数····························153.1.3选取温度系数····························153.1.4泄漏系数······························163.1.5确定容积效率····························163.2确定析水系数·······························163.3确定各级行程容积·····························163.4汽缸直径的确定······························163.5实际行程容积·······························163.6新的的容积系数及新的相对余隙·······················173.8确定排气温度·······························183.9计算轴功率并选配电机···························18第四章动力计算·································184.1压缩机中的作用力·····························194.2曲柄连杆机构的运动关系和惯性力······················184.3往复惯性力往复摩擦力旋转摩擦力的计算··················20第五章汽缸部分的设计······························225.1气缸···································225.1.1结构形式的确定···························235.1.2气缸主要尺寸的计算·························235.1.3气缸材料······························23大学毕业设计55.2气阀···································235.2.1气阀的基本要求···························245.2.2阀设计的主要技术要求························245.2.3阀的分类······························245.2.4阀设计的主要技术要求························255.3活塞···································255.3.1活塞的基本结构型式·························255.4活塞环··································265.5活塞基本尺寸·······························27第六章基本部件的设计······························276.1曲轴···································276.1.1曲轴结构的选择···························276.1.2曲轴结构设计····························286.1.3曲轴结构尺寸的确定·························286.1.4曲轴材料······························296.1.5曲轴强度校核····························296.2连杆···································306.2.1连杆结构设计····························306.2.2连杆结构设计基本原则························316.2.3连杆尺寸计算····························31第七章轴承····························错误!未定义书签。7.1滚动轴承及其结构确定····················错误!未定义书签。第八章联轴器··································32第九章填料····························错误!未定义书签。9.1填料的基本要求······························339.2填料的结构································349.3材料选择·································34第十章润滑系统·································34第十一章冷却系统·························错误!未定义书签。11.1冷却方式································3511.2冷却系统·································3611.3冷却设备·································36结语································错误!未定义书签。大学毕业设计6第一章绪论压缩机是用来提高气体压力和输送气体的机械，属于将原动机的动力能转变为气体压力能的工作机。它的种类多、用途广，有“通用机械”之称。1.1压缩机设计的意义在石化领域，往复式压缩机主要是向大容量、高压力、低噪声、高效率、高可靠性等方向发展；不断开发变工况条件下运行的新型气阀，提高气阀寿命；在产品设计上，应用热力学、动力学理论，通过综合模拟预测压缩机在实际工况下的性能；强化压缩机的机电一体化，采用计算机自动控制，实现优化节能运行和联机运行；在动力领域，活塞式压缩机目前占有主要市场。但随着人们对使用环境及能耗、环保等方面要求的提高，螺杆和涡旋压缩机开始占有一定的市场；在制冷空调领域，往复式制冷压缩机作为一种传统的制冷压缩机，适用于制冷量较广范围内的制冷系统。虽然目前它的应用还比较广泛，但市场份额正逐渐减小。本设计主要针对于船舶，机械，冶金，石油化工，特别是国防等领域需求体积小，结构紧凑，小排量，高压力的压缩机。1.2活塞压缩机的工作原理活塞式压缩机的工作原理见下图1。在气缸内作往复运动的活塞向右移动时，气缸内活塞左腔的压力低于大气压力，吸气阀开启，外界气体吸入缸内，这个过程称为压缩过程。当缸内压力高于输出气管道内压力后，排气阀打开。压缩气体送至输气管内，这个过程称为排气过程。活塞的往复运动是由电动机带动的曲柄滑块机构形成的。曲柄的旋转运动转换为滑动——活塞的往复运动。这种结构的压缩机在排气过程结束时总有剩余容积存在。在下一次吸气时，剩余容积内的压缩空气会膨胀，从而减少了吸人的空气量，降低了效率，增加了压缩功。且由于剩余容积的存在，当压缩比增大时，温度急剧升高。故当输出压力较高时，应采取分级压缩。分级压缩可降低排气温度，节省压缩功，提高容积效率，增加压缩