vehicle crashworthiness and occupants protection 7

AnthropomorphicTestDevicesPage353AnthrAnthrAnthrAnthrAnthropomoropomoropomoropomoropomorphicTphicTphicTphicTphicTestDeestDeestDeestDeestDevicesvicesvicesvicesvicesHaroldJ.Mertz7.1IntroductionAnthropomorphictestdevices(ATDs),commonlyreferredtoasdummies,aremechanicalsurrogatesofhumans.CrashworthinessengineersuseATDstoevaluatetheoccupantprotectionpotentialofvarioustypesofrestraintsystemsinsimulatedcollisionsofnewvehicledesigns.CurrentATDsaredesignedtobebiofidelic,meaningtheymimicpertinenthumanphysicalcharacteristicssuchassize,shape,mass,stiffness,andenergyabsorptionanddissipation.Thedummies’mechanicalresponsessimulatecorrespondinghumanresponsesoftrajectory,velocity,acceleration,deformation,andarticulationwhenthedummiesareexposedtoprescribedsimulatedcollisionconditions.Engineersequipdummieswithtransducersthatmeasureaccelerations,deformationsandloadingofvariousbodyparts.Analysesofthesemeasurementsareusedtoassesstheefficacyofrestraintsystemdesigns.Dummiesareclassifiedaccordingtosize,age,sexandimpactdirection.Adultmaleandfemaledummiesareofdifferentsizesandchilddummiesrepresentdifferentages.Somedummiesareusedtoassessfrontalcollisionprotectionandothersareusedtoevaluatesideimpactcollisions.Themostcurrentfrontalimpactdummieshavesufficientbiofidelitytobeusedtoevaluaterear-endcollisionprotection.However,neitherthecurrentfrontalnorsideimpactdummieshavethenecessarybiofidelity,measurementcapacitynordurabilitytoevaluatetheother’simpactdirection.Mostoften,testengineersusethemid-sizeadultmaledummyforautomotiverestrainttesting.Itapproximatesthemedianheightandweightofthe50th-percentileadultmalepopulation.Theheightsandweightsofthesmallfemaleandlargemaleadultdummiesareapproximatelythoseofthe5th-percentilefemaleandthe95th-percentilemale,respectively.Childdummieshavethemedianheightsandweightsofchildrenofthespecificagegroupstheyrepresentwithoutregardtogender.Table7.1.1–KeyDimensionsandWeightsforVariousSizeDummies,includesinformationoninfant,childandadultdummies.VehicleCrashworthinessandOccupantProtectionPage354Authorshavesummarizedthehistoryofdummydevelopmentinanumberofpublications(1-3).Table7.1.2–ChronologyofNotableDummiesUsedbytheUnitedStatesAutoIndustry,givesachronologyofthedummiesthathavebeentnafnIdlihCtludA6oM21oM81oMrY3rY6ht5elameFht05elaMht59elaM)mm(snoisnemiDgnittiStcerEtH934084505645536218709079otskcottuBeenK071891122482183125985836roolFoteenK521551371122853464445495otredluohSwoblE031051061391432503663183otwoblEpitregniF571891312452013993564305gnidnatSthgieH1767473183598611015115713781)gk(sthgieWdaeH11.294.227.250.384.386.345.469.4kceN92.043.053.034.014.018.045.140.2osroT40.383.422.516.6-7.01641.4232.0400.35.txEreppU58.081.113.197.189.167.435.849.01.txErewoL35.113.106.136.282.425.3163.3297.13thgieWlatoT28.707.9-.1102-5.411-9.02128.6402.8737.201Table7.1.1KeydimensionsandweightsforvarioussizesofdummiesAnthropomorphicTestDevicesPage355raeYymmuDserutaeFyeKseicneicifeDtnerruCegasU9491maSarreiSelaMht59latnorF()stcapmIydobdnaepahsroiretxeekil-namuH.elbaruD.stniojbmildetalucitrA.thgiewtonssenffitSdetimiL.ciledifoib.noitatnemurtsni.ytilibicudorperrooPenoN6691seireSPIVyreV(tnatropmIht5)elpoePht05,elameFelaMht59&latnorF()stcapmI.thgiewydobdnaepahsekil-namuH.kcenrebbuR.stniojbmildetalucitrAotdetnemurtsnI.sivlepdepahsnamuHenipscicarohtdnadaeherusaem.sdaolrumefdnasnoitareleccatonssenffitSdetimiL.ciledifoib.noitatnemurtsniytilibataeperrooP.ytilibicudorperdnaenoN7691natSarreiSelaMht05latnorF()stcapmI.thgiewydobdnaepahsekil-namuH.kcendetnemgeS.stniojbmildetalucitrAotdetnemurtsnI.egacbirrofllehscitsalPenipscicarohtdnadaeherusaem.sdaolrumefdnasnoitareleccatonssenffitSdetimiL.ciledifoib.noitatnemurtsnignidnebkcenrooP.esnopserenoN8691detacitsihpoSht05maSlatnorF(elaM)stcapmI,anlu,iidar,iremuh,selcivalcnekorbylisaE.ealletapdnaealubif,eaibit,srumeffoslevelerutcarFylroopsenob.dellortnocenoN0791eisuSarreiSelameFht5tihcihwmorfnatSarreiSsaserutaefemaS.delacssawnatSarreiSsaemaSenoN2791IIdirbyHMGelaMht05latnorF()stcapmI.natSarreiSdna05-PIVmorfstrapsesUdnathgiewydob,epahsekil-namuH.stniojdetalucitraemosfonoitomfosegnar.elbicudorperdnaelbarud,elbataepeR.79/9litnu802SSVMFniesurofdeificepStonssenffitSdetimiL.ciledifoib.noitatnemurtsnienoN6791IIIdirbyHMGelaMht05&latnorF()stcapmIraeRsawhcihw205-DTAMGnodesaB-namuH.tcartnocASTHNrednudepolevedciledifoiB.thgiewdnaepahsekil.eenk,tsehc,kcen,daehrofesnopserekil-namuH.detnemurtsniylevis-netxEtnellecxE.erutsopdetaesevitomotuadnaytilibicudorper,ytilibataeper,ytiledifoib.ytilibarudrofetairporppatoN.seidutstcapmiedisediwdlroW.geRTable7.1.2–ChrChrChrChrChronologyofnoonologyofnoonologyofnoonologyofnoonologyofnotabledummiesusedbtabledummiesusedbtabledummiesusedbtabledummiesusedbtabledummiesusedbytheytheytheytheytheUnitedStatesautoindustryUnitedStatesautoindustryUnitedStatesautoindustryUnitedStatesautoindustryUnitedStatesautoindustryVehicleCrashworthinessandOccupantProtectionPage356Table7.1.2(Cont.)–ChrChrChrChrChronologyofnoonologyofnoonologyofnoonologyofnoonologyofnotabledummiesusedbtabledummiesusedbtabledummiesusedbtabled