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StevePaulJobs(February24,1955–October5,2011)wasanfamousAmericanbusinessman,inventor,andindustrialdesigner.Hewastheco-founder,chairman,andCEOofAppleInc;CEOandmajorityshareholderofPixar;amemberofTheWaltDisneyCompany'sboardofdirectorsfollowingitsacquisitionofPixar;andfounder,chairman,andCEOofNeXT.Jobsiswidelyrecognizedasapioneerofthemicrocomputerrevolutionofthe1970sand1980s,alongwithAppleco-founderSteveWozniak.Jobs'sofficialbiographer,WalterIsaacson,describedhimasacreativeentrepreneurwhosepassionforperfectionandferociousdriverevolutionizedsixindustries:personalcomputers,animatedmovies,music,phones,tabletcomputing,anddigitalpublishing.•whenJob'sbiologicalmothergavebirthtoJobsonFebruary24,1955,shedecidedtochoseanadoptivecoupleforhim,astherewasastrongstigmaagainstbearingachildoutofwedlockandraisingitasasinglemotherintheUnitedStatesinthattime.•SoJob'sfatherandmother,PaulJobsandClaraHagopian,adoptedandraisedhiminahotbedofcounterculture,theSanFranciscoBayAreaduringthe1960s.ThefamilymovedtoCaliforniain1961.Duringthistime,Paulbuiltaworkbenchinhisgarageforhissoninordertopassalonghisloveofmechanics.Jobsmeanwhileadmiredhisfather'scraftsmanshipbecauseheknewhowtobuildanything.Jobswasdeeplyinvolvedinelectronicsandbefriendedmanyoftheengineerswholivedintheneighborhood.AdolescenceIn1967,theJobsfamilymovedtoCristDriveinLosAltos,CaliforniabecauseJobsbecameasociallyawkwardloner”inthepre-middleschoolBillFernandez,afellowelectronicshobbyistwhowasinthesamegradeashim,washisfirstfriendafterthemove.HealaointroducedJobsto18-year-oldelectronicswhizandHomesteadHighalumnSteveWozniak,whowasthesameco-founderoftheApplecorporationlater.HebeganhisfirstyearthereinHomesteadHighSchoolinlate1968,buthealsohadnointerestinsportsandsaidhewasalwaysaloner.Butheunderwentachangeduringmid-1970,hestartedtoreadmoreoutsideofjustscienceandtechnology—Shakespeare,Plato,KingLearandsoon.Fromthatpoint,Jobsdevelopedtwodifferentcirclesoffriends:thosewhowereinvolvedinelectronicsandengineeringandthosewhowereinterestedinartandliteratureIn1971afterWozniakbeganUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,JobsbegantovisithiminBerkeleyafewtimesaweek.ThisexperienceledhimtostudyinnearbyStanfordUniversity'sstudentunion.JobsalsodecidedthatratherthanjointheelectronicsclubandlearnedlotsofnewthingsReedCollege•Laterintheyear,JobsenrolledatReedCollegeinPortland,Oregon.ReedwasanexpensivecollegewhichPaulandClaracouldillafford.Theywerespendingmuchoftheirlifesavingsontheirson'shighereducation.•SoJobsplannedtodropoutofReedbecausehedidnotwanttospendhisparents'moneyonit,Hecontinuedtoattendbyauditingclasses,includingacourseoncalligraphy.•Ina2005commencementspeechforStanfordUniversity,Jobsstatesthatduringthisperiod,hesleptonthefloorinfriends'dormrooms,returnedCokebottlesforfoodmoney,andgotweeklyfreemealsatthelocalHareKrishnatemple.Inthatsamespeech,Jobssaid:IfIhadneverdroppedinonthatsinglecalligraphycourseincollege,theMacwouldhaveneverhadmultipletypefacesorproportionallyspacedfonts.Apple•In1973,SteveWozniakdesignedhisownversionoftheclassicvideogamePong.Afterfinishingit,WozniakgavetheboardtoJobs,whothentookthegamedowntoAtari,Inc.AtarithoughtthatJobshadbuiltitandgavehimajobasatechnician.Atari'scofounderNolanBushnelllaterdescribedhimasdifficultbutvaluable,pointingoutthathewasveryoftenthesmartestguyintheroom,andhewouldletpeopleknowthat.•JobstraveledtoIndiainmid-1974withhisReedfriend,insearchofspiritualenlightenment.Afterstayingforsevenmonths,JobsleftIndiaandreturnedtotheUS.Jobshadchangedhisappearance;hisheadwasshavedandheworetraditionalIndianclothing.Wozniakhaddesignedalow-costdigitalblueboxtogeneratethenecessarytonestomanipulatethetelephonenetwork,allowingfreelong-distancecalls.Ina1994interview,Jobssaidthatifnotfortheblueboxes,therewouldhavebeennoApple.In1976,WozniakinventedtheAppleIcomputer.AfterWozniakshowedittoJobs,whosuggestedthattheysellit,theyformedAppleComputerinthegarageofJobs'sLosAltoshome.In1977,JobsandWozniakintroducedtheAppleIIattheWestCoastComputerFaire.ItwasthefirstconsumerproductsoldbyAppleComputerandwasoneofthefirsthighlysuccessfulmass-producedmicrocomputerproductsLeave•In1985,ApplePresidentandCEOSculleyhadlittlecontroloverchairmanoftheboardJobs'sMacintoshdivision.ManyleftAppleincludingWozniak,whostatedthatthecompanyhadbeengoinginthewrongdirectionforthelastfiveyearsandsoldmostofhisstock.•Afewmonthslater,JobsturnedinaletterofresignationtotheAppleBoard.JobsfoundedNeXTIncin1985whichhelpedhimstageacomebackafterhisresignationfromApple.•In1986,JobsfundedthespinoutofTheGraphicsGroup(laterrenamedPixar)forthepriceof$10million.ThefirstfilmproducedbyPixarwithitsDisneypartnership,ToyStory(1995),withJobscreditedasexecutiveproducer,broughtfameandcriticalacclaimtothestudiowhenitwasreleased.Overthenext15years,lotsofgoodanimationmovieswascreatedbythePixar.•OnJanuary24,2006,JobsandIgerannouncedthatDisneyhadagreedtopurchasePixarinanall-stocktransactionworth$7.4billion.Whenthedealclosed,JobsbecameTheWaltDisneyCompany'slargestsingleshareholderwithapproximatelysevenpercentofthecompany'sstockReturntoApple•In1997,App