构词法应用于语法填空

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语法填空的考查范围:1语境(上下文);2语法:动词(时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式)、名词、代词、冠词、介词、固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装等。•英语构词法主要有三种方法。•派生(Derivation)•合成(Compound)•转换(Conversion)三种构词法:1.派生(Derivation):2.合成(Compounding):3.转化(Conversion)通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词:eg.happy----unhappy(加前缀)happy----happiness(加后缀)由两个或更多的词合成一个词eg.wood(木)+cut(刻)----woodcut(木刻)由一个词类转化为另一个词类:eg.water(n.)水---water(v.)浇水三个词语的含义词根:词缀:词类:构成词义的最小单位,不可再分前缀;后缀十大词类派生法•派生法(也称词缀法),即由一个词根加上前缀或后缀,构成另一个单词的构词法,添加在词根前面的构成部分叫前缀,它一般不改变原词的词性,只改变其词义。添加在词根后面的构成部分叫后缀,它改变了原词的词性,有时可改变其词义。前缀例词dis-disappearun-unknownin-indirect(常用在adj.后)im-impossible(用在b,p,m开头前)ir-irregularab-abnormalil-illegalmis-misunderstandnon-nonsmoker(否定)(不)(不)(不)(误)(非)(不,非)(不)(不)前缀例词a-构成形容词,副词asleep,alone,abroadover-oversleepinter-internationalre-recoveren-enrich过度相互再,又使……后缀例词名词-er;-or;-ee…..者employer,actor,employee-ess女的waitress,hotess-ese….地方的人Chinese,Japanese-ian精通…的人,…地方人musician,Russian-ist专业人员pianist--ment性质,状态;运动、结果movement--ness性质,状态kindness--tion表示动作,过程,结果suggestion形容词后缀:•-al;–an;–ern;-ble;–ish;–ive;–y;-ful;-less表示具有…的性质,或与…有关e.g.practical,American,southern,possible,foolish,native,rainy,careless,careful动词后缀:-fy(使…化);-ize(使…成为);–en(使…)e.g.satisfy,beautify;realize,symbolize,deepen,lengthen副词后缀:•-ly表示方式,程度:freely,happily•-ward(s)表示方向:westwards数词后缀:-teen十fourteen-ty整十位数forty-th序数词fifthPractice1.MrChenhastaughtmeEnglishsinceJunior1,andtoshowmy(appreciate)Idecidedtogetherapresent.2.(fortunate),IthennoticedthatIhadstill10minutestocompletetherest.3.Somepeoplewerestillwaitingforherserviceandthewaitressgrewabit_________(patience).4.“Thirty-fivecents,”shesaid(rude).appreciationFortunatelyimpatientrudely一.用所给单词的正确形式填空5.Imustknowhowtocareforothersandtrynotto(understand)them.6.Thestormdamagedseveral_________(new)builtbuildings,…misunderstandnewly7.Numerousstudieshaveshownthatfreeplayisvery(benefit).Itcanhelpchildrenbecomecreative…8….theycanseeplays,films,operas,andshowsofeverykind,nottomentionthelatest_______(excite)footballmatch.beneficialexcitingConclusion1.给出动词→排除掉填谓语动词及非谓语动词外,考虑其否定词(dis-/mis),名词(-ment/ation/-er等表身份人物的后缀),形容词(-able/-ed/-ing)2.给出名词→形容词(常考ce↔t,天气类常加-y,或者考-ful/-less等)3.给出形容词→比较级,最高级,副词(修饰adj/verb/sentence),名词(情感类常加-ness)4.两个en含有使动用法:en-(enrich)-en(widen)5.注意,有时填名词时还得注意单复数,动词,名词,形容词时都有可能会考否定形式,一定要根据语境来判断。•二、语篇填空使用括号中词语的正确形式填空(以考查词语派生为主)。•TheRaconteurs(虎烂乐队)makemusicthatlivesuptotheband’sname.Theword“raconteur”describesapersonwhois[1]____________(skill)attellingstories.Thebandmembersdescribe[2]___________(them)asanewbandmadeupofoldfriends.Allthebandmembershavefoundedmusiccareersbydoingotherprojects.Buttheydecidedtocometogetherasabandtotrysomething[3]_______(difference).skillfulthemselvesdifferentThelead[4]_______(sing)oftheRaconteursmaysoundfamiliar.JackWhiteisalsoamemberoftheband[5]________(call)theWhiteStripes(白色条纹乐队).TheRaconteursalsoincludethesongwriterandguitaristBrendanBenson.These[6]___________(music)hadperformedtogetherovertheyears.Butin2005,theydecidedtoplaytogether[7]__________(official)astheRaconteurs.singercalledmusiciansofficiallyTheRaconteurs[8]_______(late)albumiscalled“ConsolersoftheLonely.”Thebandreleasedthealbuminan[9]__________(usually)way.They[10]__________(announce)theirnewalbumonlyaweekbeforeitwentonsaletoavoidtheusualpublicitycreatedbycritics(评论家).latestunusualannounced注意1.在做语法填空时,一定要善于根据上下文分析句子结构,句子成分,平时要多积累相关的单词,熟悉其词性,并利用好构词法等技巧。2.最后,要检查一遍,大小写问题,单复数问题,字母是否缺漏,单词是否要双写(e.g.runner)不断地通过分析句子来检验自己的答案。

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