初中英语语法 宾语从句

宾语从句1．定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。2．构成：关联词+简单句3．引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：(1)从属连词that。如：•Hetoldusthathefeltill.他对我们说他感到不舒服。Iknowhehasreturned.我知道他已经回来了。注：that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略•1．EverybodycouldseewhathappenedandthatTomwasfrightened.(and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。)2．Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromthesouth.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。)•3．ThatheeversaidsuchathingIsimplydon´tbelieve.(that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。)4．Wedecided,inviewofhisspecialcircumstances,thatwewouldadmithimforaprobationaryperiod.(主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。)•(2)从属连词if/whether。如：Idoubtwhetherhewillsucceed.我怀疑他是否会成功。Idon´tknowifyoucanhelpme.我不知道你能否帮助我。(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever•连接副词where,when,how,why。如：Whoorwhathewas,Martinneverlearned.Iwonderwhathe´swritingtomeabout.I´lltellyouwhyIaskedyoutocome.•Youmaydowhatyouwill.(1)介词宾语从句宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如：Hewasdeeplydispleasedbywhathadoccurredthatday.Iwalkedovertowhereshesat.•Iamcuriousastowhathewillsay.Yoursuccesswilllargelydependuponwhatyoudoandhowyoudoit.有时介词可以省略。如：Idon´tcare(for)whomarrieshim.Becareful(asto)howyoudothat.宾语从句学习“三步法”1。选好连接词：1。如果被连接的句子是陈述句，那么连接词只能用thatHe’llbebackinamonth.(Ihear…)Ihear(that)hewillbebackinamonth.IhavebeentotheGreatWallonce.(Hetellsme…)Hetellsme(that)hehasbeentotheGreatwallonce.2.如果被连接的句子是一般问句，则用连接词if/whetherDoesheliveinthathouse?(Sheaskedme…)Sheaskedmeif/whetherhelivedinthishouse.Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?(Iwanttoknow…)Iwanttoknowifyouhavefinishedyourhomework.3.如果被连接的句子是特殊问句，则用此句本身的疑问词作为连接词。WherecanIfindarestaurant?(Doyouknow…)DoyouknowwhereIcanfindarestaurant?HowcanIgettothepostoffice?(Heasks…)Heaskshowhecangettothepostoffice.1.Hesaid.LiHonghasfinishedherhomework.2.Doyouknow?Whenwillthemeetingbegin?3.Couldyoutellme?Areyoufeelingbetter?二、注意语序：在宾语从句中，一律用陈述句语序。1.Wheredoesshelive?(Doyouknow?)----Doyouknowwhereshelives?2.Howoldisshe?(doyouknow?)----Doyouknowhowoldsheis?三、确立时态：1。一般来说，如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，宾语从句可以根据实际需要用任何时态。Hewillcomeinaminute.(Ihear….)--Ihearthathewillcomeinaminute.Theyhavecometoseeus.(Iknow..)--Iknowthattheyhavecometoseeus.2.如果主句中的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词要用相应的过去时态。Iwillhelpyou.(Hesaid…)--Hesaidthathewouldhelpyou.3.但是，若从句里有表示某一具体时间的状语，则可以不用过去完成时，而用一般过去时。Heborrowedthebookfromthelibraryyesterday.(Hetoldme…)--Hetoldmethatheborrowedthebookfromthelibrary.4.当从句表示的是真理或一个永久的事实，可以用现在时态。Theteachertoldus…Theearthturnsroundthesun.--Theteachertoldusthattheearthturnsroundthesun.1.Wedon’tknow_____________(王先生去了哪里？）2。Couldyoutellme__________（天会不会下雪）？3。Hewantstoknow_______________(你几岁了？）4。Pleaseaskher__________________(谁要去参观历史博物馆）。5。Idon’tthink_____________（是否李老师一定在办公室）。