高考英语阅读理解专题训练极品题(11)及答案[-高考]

▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌精诚凝聚=^_^=成就梦想▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌▃▄▅▆▇██■▓点亮心灯~~~///(^v^)\\\~~~照亮人生▃▄▅▆▇██■▓2014高考英语阅读理解专题训练极品题（11）及答案C7[2013·陕西卷]----CAccordingtosociologists(社会学家),everymodernindustrialsocietyhassomeformofsocialstratification(阶层)．Class,powerandstatusareimportantindecidingpeople'srankinsociety.Classmeansaperson'seconomicpositioninsociety.Acommonlyusedclassificationislowerclass,middleclassandupperclass.Whilesociologistsdisagreeonhowthesetermsshouldbeexactlydefined,theydodescribesocietiesliketheUnitedStatesquitewell.Onestudyshowsthat53%ofAmericansbelongtothelowerclass,46%themiddleclass,and1%theupperclass.Interestingly,asurgeonearning$500，000ayearandabusdriverearning$50，000ayearbothregardthemselvesasthemiddleclass!Powerreferstotheamountofcontrolapersonhasoverotherpeople.Obviously,peopleinpositionsofgreatpower(suchasgovernors)exercise(行使)bigpower,butpeoplewhotakeordersfromothershavelesspower.Powerandclassdonotalwaysgohandinhand,however.Forexample,thegovernorofastatehasgreatpower,butheorshemaynotbelongtoacorresponding(相应的)economicclass.Generally,however,thereisarelationshipbetweenpowerandclass.Toourknowledge,therearen'ttoomanypeoplewhoaren'tmillionairesintheU．S.Senate!Statusisthehonororrespectattachedtoaperson'spositioninsociety.Itcanalsobeaffectedbypowerandclass,butnotnecessarilyso.Forexample,auniversityprofessormayhaveahighstatusbutnotbelongtoahighsocialclassorhavealotofpoweroverothers.54．Whatcanwelearnabout“themiddleclass”fromParagraph2?A．Peopleearning$50，000ayearbelongtothemiddleclass.B．NearlyhalfAmericansbelongtothemiddleclass.C．Peoplegenerallyconsiderbusdriversasthemiddleclass.D．Sociologistshaveacleardefinitionofthemiddleclass.55．Accordingtothetext,weknowthat________．A．powerandclassdonotalwayscorrespondwitheachotherB．statusreferstoaperson'seconomicpositioninsocietyC．peoplewithhighstatushavealotofcontroloverothersD．classislessimportantindecidingaperson'ssocialrank▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌精诚凝聚=^_^=成就梦想▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌▃▄▅▆▇██■▓点亮心灯~~~///(^v^)\\\~~~照亮人生▃▄▅▆▇██■▓56．Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthewholetext?A．B.C．D.【要点综述】本文说明了一个社会现象：每个现代工业社会都有其社会阶层。阶级﹑权力和社会地位是判断一个人的社会阶层的重要标准。54．B推理判断题。由第二段倒数第二句中的“…46%themiddleclass”一句可知在美国，有差不多一半的人属于中产阶级，选B。55．A细节理解题。由第三段中的“Powerandclassdonotalwaysgohandinhand,however.”可知，权力和阶级并不总是保持一致。选A。56．A篇章结构题。本文第一段是主题段，“Class,powerandstatusareimportantindecidingpeople'srankinsociety.”是本文的主题句，后三段分别从这三个方面来论述，故本篇文章是总分的结构。选A。社会生活类--78AstherailroadsandthehighwaysshapedtheAmericanWestinthepastcenturies,anewelectricalgenerating(发电)andtransmission(输送)systemforthe21stcenturywillleavealastingmarkontheWest,forbetterorworse.Muchoftherealsignificanceofrailroadsandhighwaysisnotintheirdirectphysicaleffectonthescenery,butinthewaysthattheyaffectthesurroundingcommunity.Thesameistrueofbigsolarplantsandthepowerlinesthatwillbelaiddowntomoveelectricityaround.The19thcenturysawlandgrants(政府拨地)offeredtorailroadcompaniestobuildthetranscontinentalrailroads,leavingpubliclandinbetweenprivatelyownedland.InmuchoftheWest,someoftherailroadsectionsweredevelopedwhileothersremainedundeveloped,andinbothcasesthelandownershiphaspresenteduniquechallengestolandmanagement.▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌精诚凝聚=^_^=成就梦想▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌▃▄▅▆▇██■▓点亮心灯~~~///(^v^)\\\~~~照亮人生▃▄▅▆▇██■▓Withthecompletionoftheinterstatehighwaysystem,manyofthesmalltowns,whichsprangupasrailwaystopsanddevelopedwell,havelosttheirlifebloodanddied.BigsolarplantsandtheirpowerlineswillalsohaveeffectsfarbeyondtheirdirectfootprintintheWest.Thisisnotanargumentagainstbuildingthem.Weneedalternativeenergybadly,andtoreallytakeadvantageofitweneedtobeabletomoveelectricityaroundfarmorereadilythanwecannow.Sotrade-offswillhavetobemade.Somescenicspotswillbesacrificed.Somespecies(物种)willbeforcedtomove,orwillbecarefullymovedtospecialaccommodations.Dealswillbestrucktoreducetheimmediateeffects.Thelastingeffectsofthesetrade-offsareanothermatter.The21stcenturydevelopmentoftheAmericanWestasanidealplaceforalternativeenergyisgoingtothrowoffalotofpowerandmoneyintheregion.Therearechancesforthatpowerandmoneytodoalotofgood.Butitisjustaslikelythattheywillbespentwastefullyandwillleavenewproblemsbehind,justliketherailroadsandthehighways.Themoneysetasideinnegotiatedtrade-offsandtheinstitutionsthatcontrolitwillshapetheWestfarbeyondtheimmediatefootprintofpowerplantsandtransmissionlines.Solet’sremembertheeffectsoftherailroadsandthehighwaysasweconstructthesenewpowerplantsintheWest.1.Whatwastheproblemcausedbytheconstructionoftherailways?A.Smalltownsalongtherailwaysbecameabandoned.B.Somerailroadstopsremainedunderused.C.LandintheWestwashardtomanage.D.Landgrantswentintoprivatehands.2.Whatisthemajorconcerninthedevelopmentofalternativeenergyaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?A.Thetransmissionofpower.B.Theuseofmoneyandpower.C.Theconservationofsolarenergy.D.Theselectionofanidealplace.3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsbuildingsolarplants?▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌精诚凝聚=^_^=成就梦想▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█▉▊▋▌▃▄▅▆▇██■▓点亮心灯~~~///(^v^)\\\~~~照亮人生▃▄▅▆▇██■▓A.Cautious.B.Approving.C.Doubtful.D.Disapproving.4.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowtheRailwaysHaveAffectedtheWestB.HowSolarEnergyCouldRes