Annubar-Theory

8RMTSalesTraining07/99PhaseII-DPPrimaryElementPVgPfffcff11222ρρ+=AnnubarAnnubarTheoryTheoryTheoreticalpointvelocity:()VgPPf1cfff212=−ρInordertomeasureaccurateflowrate,apitottraverseisrequired.P+1/2•p•V+p•g•h=K2PPff12Vff1ρThePitotTube:ForefatheroftheAPT•StagnationPressureSensing-measuresapointvelocity.Bernoulli’senergybalanceforanincompressible,non-viscousfluid:9RMTSalesTraining07/99PhaseII-DPPrimaryElementAnnubarAnnubarTheoryTheory•Advantages:–Canbeinsertedthroughasmallopening.–Canbeusedtosamplethevelocityatseveralpoints.–Lowpressuredrop,minimalobstruction.•Disadvantages:–Singlepointmeasurement.–Pitottraverserequiresatechnician,andistime-consuming.–Pitottubeisfragile(notsuitedforindustrialapp.)–DPsignalislow.ThePitotTube10RMTSalesTraining07/99PhaseII-DPPrimaryElement..AnnubarAnnubarTheoryTheory„Mathematicalsamplingmethodsprovideanaveragedflowprofilevalue„AnnubarusestheChebysheftheoremtodeterminesensorholelocationssensorholestosampleflowprofilePitotTraverse:nolongerrequired!11RMTSalesTraining07/99PhaseII-DPPrimaryElement•Amultiple-tube,rigidstructurethatprovidesdualaveragingchamberswithadiamond-shapedcross-sectionandbi-directionalflowsensing.DiamondII+SensorAnnubarAnnubar12RMTSalesTraining07/99PhaseII-DPPrimaryElementAnnubarAnnubarTheoryTheoryFlowBlockageandSuctionPressurePipeStaticPressureImpactPressureVelocityProfileHighPressureSignal(StagnationPressure)DPLowPressureSignalImpactPortsTheoryofOperation40%60%LOWHIGH13RMTSalesTraining07/99PhaseII-DPPrimaryElementAnnubarAnnubar--FlowEquationsFlowEquationsActualVOLUMErateofflowDP-DifferentialPressureFaa-ThermalExpansionFactorK-AnnubarFlowCoefficientGF-SpecificGravityfactorρf-DensityoffluidP-StaticPressureD-InternalPipeDiameterT-FlowingTemperatureYa-AnnubarExpansionFactorN-UnitsconversionfactorQA=NKD2FaaDP(liquids)GFQA=NKD2FaaDP(gases)ρFMASSrateofflowQMass=NKD2YaFaaP*DP(gasandsteam)T14RMTSalesTraining07/99PhaseII-DPPrimaryElementBenefitofBenefitofAnnubarAnnubar4linearinchesofweldtoinstallannbar63linearinchesofweldtoinstallorifice10inchlineEasyInstallationDrillWeldInsert&Wire15RMTSalesTraining07/99PhaseII-DPPrimaryElementORIFICEmustusethelinesizedflangeANNUBARnormallyusesamuchsmallerflangeBenefitofBenefitofAnnubarAnnubaroverOrificeoverOrifice16RMTSalesTraining07/99PhaseII-DPPrimaryElementBenefitofBenefitofAnnubarAnnubaroverOrificeoverOrifice...translatesintoEnergySavings!LowPermanentPressureDrop....17RMTSalesTraining07/99PhaseII-DPPrimaryElementBenefitofBenefitofAnnubarAnnubaroverOrificeoverOrificeLowblockageoftheAnnubarreducespermanentpressuredrop!AnnubarEnergySavings/LowPressureDropOrificePlate18RMTSalesTraining07/99PhaseII-DPPrimaryElementBenefitofBenefitofAnnubarAnnubaroverOrificeoverOrificeOrificeAnnubarStaticPressureStaticPressureDifferentialPressureDifferentialPressureStagnationPressureStagnationPressurePermanentPressureLossPermanentPressureLossPressurePressureDiagramPressure19RMTSalesTraining07/99PhaseII-DPPrimaryElement-Insensitivetowear-Non-plugdesign-NomovingpartsLowMaintenanceBenefitsofBenefitsofAnnubarAnnubarFlow