Tire-Technical-Training

3/13/2020StuartSong1BasicTireTechnicalCoursePart1:TireDescription3/13/2020StuartSong2Apneumatictireisaflexible,toroidal,compressedgas(normallyair)containermechanicallyattachedtotheoutercircumferenceorrimofavehiclewheel.Thenameisderivedfrom“attire”-aprotectivecovering,orcoat:inthissensetheAmericanspelling“tire”isclosertotheoriginalthantheBritish“tyre”.Thiscovering(atireisstillcalleda“cover”intherubberindustry)simultaneouslyfulfilsfunctionsbasictotheeffectiveoperatingofmostmodesoftransport,includingaeroplanes,andcannotbematchedorevenapproachedbyalternativesystems.WHATISAPNEUMATICTIRE?3/13/2020StuartSong3CARTIRECOMPONENTSTUBETYPECONSTRUCTION:TUBELESSCONSTRUCTION:COVER+TUBE+RIM+AIRCOVER+VALVE+RIM+AIR3/13/2020StuartSong4TUBELESSTIRECHARACTERISTICSCONSTRUCTIONADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGESArubberlayer(innerliner),whichcorrespondstoatubeinatubetypeTIRE,isaffixedinsideatubelessTIREtocontainthecompressedair.ArimvalveisusedinatubelessTIRE.AtubelessTIREisair-sealedatitsbeadarea.Troublesattributabletoatube(suchastubepinching)canbeavoided.RapidleakageofaircanbeavoidedeveniftheTIREridesonanail.AirleaksslowlyevenifanailstruckintoaTIREcomesout.SincethecompressedairintheTIRE,contactstherimdirectly,heatdissipationismoreefficient.Asthecompressedairissealedatthebeadsection,damagetothisareamaycauseproblemssuchasairleakageorseparation.Airseepagemayoccuriftherimflangeofawheelisbentordamage,oriftherimvalveisdefectiveorrusted,etc.3/13/2020StuartSong5ADVANTAGESOFTUBELESSTIRESAspeciallinerreplacestheinnertubeBeadseatcontourwitha“hump”TUBELESSTIRE(inatubelessrim)TUBETYPETIRE(inastandardrim)Ifapuncture,ina“tubeless”TIRE,theairlossisveryslowIfapuncture,ina“tubetype”TIRE,theairlossisalmostinstantaneousThevalveisfittedtotherimTheairinsidetheinnertubeescapesbetweenthetubeandtheTIREandthroughthevalvehole.3/13/2020StuartSong6TIREFUNCTIONSSupporttheloadAssurethetransmissionofthedrivingpowerSteerthevehicleContributetowardsroadholdingandbrakingContributetovehiclesuspension3/13/2020StuartSong7VEHICLEEVOLUTION3/13/2020StuartSong8VEHICLEEVOLUTION3/13/2020StuartSong9GENERALCATEGORIESOFNEEDS/EXPECTATIONS(EXCERPTOFMARKETRESEARCHESANDCOMMONSENSE)ACTIVESAFETYRELIABILITYECONOMICVALUECOMFORTIMAGE3/13/2020StuartSong10GENERALCATEGORIESOFNEEDS/EXPECTATIONS(EXCERPTOFMARKETRESEARCHESANDCOMMONSENSE)ACTIVESAFETYTheneedtofaceallthedrivingsituationswiththehighestsafetyconditions;tomeeteventhemostseverecases,withmaximumsecurity.RELIABILITYTheneedto“counton”,torelyon;thebeliefthattheTIREswillnotfail,willnot“breaktheirword”..Thatperformanceswillbeconsistentthroughtime,thatwecanrelyoncredibletestimonialsandexperts;..Thatwearenotundertakingrisksinourchoiceanddecisions..3/13/2020StuartSong11GENERALCATEGORIESOFNEEDS/EXPECTATIONS(EXCERPTOFMARKETRESEARCHESANDCOMMONSENSE)ECONOMICVALUETheneedtobesurethatweareexactlypayingforwhatweget;thatwearenotwastingmoney..Onthecontrarywearegettingthebestfromourmoney.COMFORTTheneedtousetheproductwiththeminimumdiscomfort;noise,roughness,…Theneedtoenjoyallotherbenefitsfromtheproduct..Intheeasierway.IMAGETheareaofperceptionandfeeling.“Image”istheneedtotransfertoourselvesthepositivefeaturesofaproduct'sprofile,whateverthismightbe:sportive-technological-aesthetic-environmental-innovative..3/13/2020StuartSong12BasicTireTechnicalCoursePart2:TireStructure3/13/2020StuartSong13FILAMENTARRANGEMENTSWHICHHAVEBEENUSEDSUCCESSFULLYINPNEUMATICTIRES,ONETIMEORANOTHER(a)Wovencord(obsolete)(b)Weftlesscord(c)Cordmaterialwithlightwefts3/13/2020StuartSong14DIAGONALORCROSS-PLY)RADIALTIRESTRUCTURES3/13/2020StuartSong15TIRESTRUCTURES-DIAGONALCARCASSDIAGONAL(CROSS-PLYorBIASPLY)DescribesapneumaticTIREstructureinwhichtheplycordsextendtothebeadsandarelaidatalternateanglessubstantiallylessthan90°tothecentrelineofthetread.3/13/2020StuartSong16RADIALDescribesapneumaticTIREstructureinwhichtheplycordsextendtothebeadsandarelaidsubstantiallyat90°tothecentrelineofthetread,thecasingbeingstabilisedbyanessentiallyinextensiblecircumferentialbelt.TIRESTRUCTURES-RADIALCARCASS3/13/2020StuartSong17CARTIRECROSS-PLYSTRUCTURE(CONVENTIONALSTRUCTURE)3/13/2020StuartSong18CARTIRESRADIALSTRUCTURE3/13/2020StuartSong19TUBELESSRADIALCARTIRETERMINOLOGY3/13/2020StuartSong20GROOVETREADSHOULDERKERBINGRIBCASINGFLEXINGAREALINERHUMPSIDEWALLCENTRINGRIBORFITTINGLINEBEADCOREBELTSBEADSEATBEADAREATUBELESSRADIALCARTIRETERMINOLOGY3/13/2020StuartSong21BEADTorqueFixthecasingConnectiontotherimAirsealingCARCASSPressureTorqueSuspensionFatigueImpermeabilityBELTSDimensionalstabilityLongitudinalstressCorneringforcesTreadstabilisationMileagePrecisionTREADGripMileageCasingprotectionLownoiseAquaplaningSIDEWALLSCasingprotectionFatigueBeadprotectionAgeingprotectionRADIALCARTIRECOMPONENTS/FUNCTIONS3/13/2020StuartSong22CARTIRESTREADPATTERNDESIGNS3/13/2020StuartSong23BasicTireTechnicalCoursePart3:TireMaterials3/13/2020StuartSong24BasicIngredientsofaTireRubber(Polymers)FabricReinforcingChemicalsProcessingAidsPerformanceEnhancersCuratives3/13/2020StuartSong25CompoundingDecisionsWhatpolymerorpolymerblend?NR-G