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锻压forgingandstamping金属塑性加工metalplasticworking金属压力加工mechanicalmetalworking体积成形bulkforming锻造forging/hotforging锻造技术forgingtechnology/forgingtechnique锻造工艺forgingtechnology/forgingprocess锻工forger/blacksmith/hammerman/hammersmith/hammerer塑性plasticity超塑性superplasticity可锻性forgeability切削性能machinability最小阻力定律thelawofminimumresistance体积不变条件constance(y)ofvolume/incompressibility锻造流线grainflow/forgingflowline滑移线slidingline/slip-line中国机械工程学会锻压学会ForgingandstampingInstitutionofCMES中国锻造协会ChinaForgingIndustryAssociation第一汽车制造厂锻造厂FirstAutomobileWorks,ForgingPlant原材料及下料原材料rawmaterial/material棒料bar毛坯billet/blank/stock/barstock坯料perform/preformslug/blank/stock/billet下料cropping/shearing剪切下料cropping/shearing热切hotcropping/hotshearing冷切coldcropping/coldshearing锯切下料sawing带锯下料bandsawing圆盘锯下料circularsawing冷折下料nickingandbreaking热剁下料hotcropping气割gascutting/oxygen-acetylenecutting电弧切割electric-arccutting/arccutting精密剪切precisioncropping/precisionshearing钢号、牌号gradeofsteel规格specification炉号heatnumber/castnumber/batchnumber钢号代码heatcode/castcode批号batchnumber技术条件technicalconditions/technicalprovisions/specification普通长度normallength倍尺长度multiplelength定尺长度specifiedlength/fixedlength周期型钢periodicsectionsteel品质证明书certificateofquality代用料substitutematerial代用标记substitutemark毛坯重量billetweight重量公差weighttolerance毛坯长度billetlength长度公差lengthtolerance料头stubbar材料利用率materialutilization毛坯加热锻造温度范围forgingtemperatureinterval/forgingtemperaturerange始锻温度startingforgingtemperature终锻温度finalforgingtemperature加热温度heatingtemperature炉温furnacetemperature保温时间hold(ing)time/dwellingtime/soakingtime保温soaking火次heatingnumber过热overheat过烧burning烧损、火耗scaleloss/heatingloss氧化铁皮、氧化皮scale/oxideskin加热炉heatingfurnace火焰加热flameheating火焰炉flamefurnace推杆式炉、半连续炉pusherfurnace装料、上料loading出料、卸料unloading室式炉、箱式炉batch-typefurnace转底炉rotaryhearthfurnace转体炉rotarybodyfurnace电加热electricheating感应加热inductionheating电阻炉electricresistancefurnace少无氧化加热scale-lessorfreeheating反射炉reverberatingfurnace模锻模锻dieforging/closed-dieforging/impressiondieforging开式模锻closed-dieforging/impressiondieforging闭式模锻no-flashdieforging/flashlessdieforging锤模锻closed-dieforging/impressiondieforging/dropforging/stamping锻压机模锻mechanicalpressforging平锻upsetting/heading无飞边模锻no-flashforging无拔模斜度模锻no-draftforging模锻件forging/workpiece锻件重量forgingweight普通锻件conventionalforging精确（公差）锻件close-toleranceforging锻造工序卡forgingprocesschart工序operation/process/procedure工步processstep打击blow/strike锻件图forgingdrawing加工余量machiningallowance镦锻、顶锻upsetting/heading镦粗upsetting压扁flattening去氧化皮scale-breaking拔长工步drawing/elongating/fullering拔夹钳头tong-holddrawn/tagging滚压工步edging/edgerolling/gathering弯曲工步bending制坯工步pre-forming平锻聚料gathering/pushingup/upsetting锥形镦粗taperupsetting/coning粗（初）锻blocker-typeforging预锻pre-forging/blocking终锻finish-forging返回锻模校正re-striking分模线partingline模锻斜度、拔模角、拔模斜度draftangle外拔模角outsidedraft内拔模角insidedraft自然拔模角naturaldraft相配拔模角matchingdraft外圆角corner内圆角fillet未注明圆角allradiinotspecified尺寸按交点注alldimensionsspecifiedformintersections模锻方案forgingform一料多件multi-forgingononebillet(bar)一模两件twoatatime一模多件multiatatime调头锻turn-endforging一火多件multi-forginginoneheat打零件号、炉号码及模具号处raisepartNo.heatcodeanddieNo.here除注明处外unlessotherwisenoted冲孔、切边、校正冲连皮punchingthewad/punchingtheslug冲孔pierce盲孔non-penetratedhole/blindhole连皮wad/recess/slug切边clipping/trimming飞边flash残余飞边、残余飞刺flashextension/residualflash切边线、飞边线flashline/trimline整形formingtosize校平flattening/planishing校直straightening精压、压印coining/sizing校正sizing/setting冷校正coldsizing/coldsetting模具及工具锻模forgingdie锤锻模hammerforgingdie模块dieblock上模topdie/upperdie下模bottomdie平模flatdie模膛、型槽impression/cavity单模膛锻模single-impressiondie多模膛锻模multi-impressiondie制坯模膛blankingimpression镦粗台upsetplace/upsetdie拔长模膛drawingimpression拔长台drawingface压扁台flatteningface滚压模膛edgingimpression/gatheringimpression/edger弯曲模膛bendingimpression/bender成形模膛formingimpression卡压模膛fulleringimpression模锻模膛dieforgingimpression劈开台cleaverdivider/splitter预锻模膛blockingimpression/blocker/mouldimpression预错misalignment/pre-mismatch粗（初）锻模膛buster/rougher/blocker/pre-blockingimpression终锻模膛finisher/finishingimpression切断模膛cutter/cutoff飞边槽flashcavity飞边桥flashland/flashsaddle飞边仓flashgutter/gutter飞边桥厚度、飞边桥深度flashlanddepth/flashsaddledepth飞边桥宽度flashlandwidth/flashsaddlewidth波纹飞边corrugatedflash阻力沟resistanceslot热锻件图hotforgingdrawing收缩率contraction/shrinkscale热尺寸hotdimensions边缘半径edgeR(radius)锁扣lock圆形锁扣circularlock侧锁扣laterallock止推锁扣counterlock纵向锁扣sideway(s)lock角锁扣cornerlock分模面partingarea/diepartingface/partingplane承击面diecontactarea/beatingarea/strikingsurface/cushionface/dieface/kissingface燕尾shank/dovetail燕尾中心线centrelineofdovetail键槽keyway键槽中心线centrelineofkeyway钳口gate浇口sprue浇道runner检验角、检验面matchedge/matchline/settingedge(face)起重孔handlinghole锻模中心centerofforgingdie模膛中心centerofimpression(cavity)模膛排列、型槽布排arrangementofimpression(cavity)过渡模座intermediatediesocket平锻模upsetforgingdie平锻凹模gripdie/grooveddie平锻活动模movabledie平锻固定模stationarydie平锻冲头、平锻凸模punch/headingtool凸模柄punchshank凸模镶块punchinsert凹模镶块dieinsert积聚模膛gatheringimpression穿孔模膛piercingimpression切边模膛trimmingimpression卡细模膛neckingimpression扩径模膛expandingimpression凸模固定器punchholder/headi