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1．Tofurthersubstantiatearoleof…..2．Togainfurtherinsightintotheinvolvementof……3．Severallinesofevidencesuggestapotentialroleof……4．Thediscrepanciesbetweenthesestudiesmaybeexplainedinpartbythefactthat….5．Itcanalsonotbeexcludedthat…..6．Tofurtherelucidatetheroleof…….7．Thereisgrowingevidencethat……….8．Severalstudiesindicatethat…………9．Itisgenerallyacceptedthat………..10.Invitrostudiesrevealedthat………….11.Thisissomewhatsurprisingsince………12.Furthermore,availabledatasuggestthepotentialto……..13.developmentandgenerationofmorespecificinhibitorswillberequiredtofurtherexploretheirpotentialto………..14.Abetterunderstandingoftheregulationoftheirexpressionwillthusbe…….instrumentalinthedevelopmentofspecifictargetingapproaches…….15.Littleisknowneitheron……….16.………….remaintobeelucidatedinmoredetail17.Theaimofthisstudywastoclarifywhether…..weretherapeuticagentsagainst18.Thisstudymayprovideanewrecognitionofnaturalmedicineforthetreatmentof19.Epidemiologicalstudieshaveshowntheincidenceof20….arethoughttoactthroughreceptor-independentanddependentmechanismstopromote…21.…..whicharederivedfrom…..,havebeenreportedtopossessavarietyofpotentproperties,includingantioxidant,anti-inflammation,radical-scavenging,andcardiovascularprotectingactivity,anti-tumor,andsoon.22.Thepurposeofthisstudywastoexaminetheeffectsof….andtoevaluatetheefficacyofcardioprotectionby…….23.Thepathologicalfeaturesofdiabetesand/oritscomplicationsthatwerecausedby….hadbeeninvestigatedextensively.15.IthasbeenestablishedthatTGF-b1wasamajorregulatorofcollagenbiosynthesis.16.Asdiscussedabove,itwasdiscoveredthat…..showedbeneficialinfluenceson…..andhadcardioprotectiveeffects,suggestingthat…..mayameliorate…….17.However,themechanismsresponsiblefortheeffectsof….on…stillneedtobediscussed.18.Thisstudyelucidatedthefunctionalroleof….against……mayprovidenovelevidenceforanantidiabeticproperty.19.…sparkedintensedebateandresearchintothecardiovascularsecurityof…20.Anupdatedreviewof21.Thesignificanceofthisfindingrestsonthefactthat….22.….whatisinagreementwithliteraturedata23.Thevalueandnoveltyofthisstudyistoindicate,forthefirsttimeinaninvivomodel,thatthemolecularmechanismofatherosclerosispreventionby……isconsistentwithadiminutionoftheclassBscavengerreceptorCD36expression24.Thequestionremainsopenastowhy….25…..mayleadtoabetterunderstandingofthediscrepanciesamonghumanstudiesandwiththeanimalones.26.….numerousstudiessuggestthatithasapreventiveroleinatherosclerosis,althoughthemechanismofactionstillremainsunclear.27.Theoriginalaimofthisstudywastoestablishwhether…..28.Expressionofsomeofthescavengerreceptorsisincreasedattheatheroscleroticlesion,8buttodatetheregulatorymechanismsformostofthesegenesarenotyetknownandcouldleadtoabetterunderstandingoftheprocess,prevention,andtherapyofthisdisease.29.Thisfindingisimportantinthelightofthestillunknownmechanismoffoam-cellformationfromhumanaorticSMCs.30.TheresultsshowninFigureexcludedthishypothesis,31.Treatmentofcellswitha-tocopherol(50mmol/L)resultedinatime-dependentdecreaseofCD36proteinexpression(Figure2B),aswasobservedatthemRNAlevel.32.Anunderstandingofthemechanismsbywhich……iscentraltoanunderstandingof……33.……remainstobedetermined…..recentdatasupportanimportantrolefor….inthepathogenesisofAs.34.However,mountingevidencesuggeststhat……35.….althoughthebiologicalfunctionhasnotbeendefined…..36.Giventheestablishedroleof……,weexploredwhether.37.Inthefollowingwork,weoutlinedanovelsignalingpathwayfor…..thesefindingssuggestanunexpectedrolefor…..inthepathogenesisofAs38.Theexpressionof…..in,ledustosearchforitsexpressionin…..Toaddressthisissue,weperformedIFmicroscopyusingantibodiesagainst….39.Todeterminewhether…..wasalsoexpressedin….,weperformedICH.Asshowninfigure,thenucleiof….showstrongstainingfor……Bycontrast,nostainingisseenin…..40.Asanticipated,cellstreatedwith…exhibitedareductionin…..Unexpectedly,….NOeffectwasobservedwithor….thisobservationsuggestthat…..41.Tofurthercharacterizetheeffectof…on….,weexamined…..42.Todeterminewhether…..Theeffectof….werealsoexaminedin…..wealsoexaminedtheabilityof…on….Thisfindingsindicatethat….42.Accordingly,weconsiderthepossibilitythat….43.Surprisingly,…..Thisresultsestablishedalinkbetween…..and…..44.SinceOx-LDLstimulatedPPARexpression,wespeculatedthat……45.Asdemonstratedin….,similarresultswereobtainedwhen……46.Wefurtherexaminedtheeffectof….thesurfaceexpressionofCD36by….47….hasbeenreportedpreviouslytobeaneffectiveinducerof…..induceexpressionof….in…cells.48.inducesignificantexpressionofmRNAencoding……similarresultswereobtainedwhen…wasusedas…..49.toinvestigatewhether…..and…arelinked,weutilizeda…..thathasbeendemonstratedpreviouslytointerferewith….50.whileitispossiblethat…..makeminorcontributionsto,thisdataindicatethattheeffect