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被动语态（ThePassiveVoice)1Tombrokethewindow.（主动语态）①②③ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.（被动语态）③②①英语的谓语动词有两种语态主动语态被动语态（前者表示句子的主语为动作的发出者，后者表示句子的主语为动作的承受者。）注意：只有及物动词才有被动语态。21.被动语态结构：be+过去分词(PP)+(by…)2.如何从主动语态变为被动语态？1.Theboybroketheglass.Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy.2.Theboyisreadingabook.Thebookisbeingreadbytheboy.1.主语2.谓语3.宾语介词by宾语be+过去分词主语31、Theymakethebikesinthefactory.2、Allthepeoplelaughedathim.3、Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.ThebikesaremadebytheminthefactoryHewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.43.主动语态和被动语态结构对照表时态主动语态被动语态1一般现在时2一般过去时3一般将来时4过去将来时5现在进行时6过去进行时7现在完成时8过去完成时9含情态动词am/is/are+过去分词do/doesdidshall/will+动词原形would+动词原形am/is/are+doingwas/were+doinghave/has+过去分词had+过去分词情态动词+动词原形was/were+过去分词shall/will+be+过去分词would+be+过去分词am/is/are+being+过去分词was/were+being+过去分词had+been+过去分词have/has+been+过去分词情态动词+be+过去分词5注：1.被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由第一个be动词助动词或情态动词构成。2.人称和时态的变化体现在be动词上，而过去分词在任何时态中都不改变。6被动语态举例①TheGreatWallwasbuiltmorethan2000yearsold.②AnewbridgeisbeingbuiltacrosstheChangjiangRiver.③Theprojectwill(isgoingto)befinishednextmonth.④Manytreeshavebeenplantedaroundthelake.⑤Oldpeopleshouldbetakencareof/lookedafter.⑥Bookscan’tbetakenoutofthelibrary.7.Nobodylikesbeinglaughedat.8.Nobodylikestobelaughedat.7被动语态应注意的问题1.可接双宾语的动词带有双宾语的主动句，变被动句时，一般把“人”提前做主语；将“物”提前则要在“人”的前面加to或for.Eg:Igavehimabookyesterday.---Hewasgivenabook(byme)yesterday.---Abookwasgiventohim(byme)yesterday.82.带to不定式作宾语补足语的复合宾语ask/tell/allow/encourage/promise…sb.todosth.结构：①Peopleshouldallowteenagerstochoosetheirownclothes.Teenagerstochoosetheirownclothes.②Theyencourageustoplantmoretrees.Wetoplantmoretrees.shouldbeallowedareencouraged93、接动词原形做宾补的动词变被动语态使役动词(let,have,make等)或感官动词(see,hear,watch,等)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式省略to，改为被动语态时一定要补上to。①Iheardhimsinginthenextroom.•---Hesinginthenextroom.•②Theymadeusdoallkindsofwork.•---Wedoallkindsofwork..注：当使用see/hear/watchsbdoingsth时，变为被动语态时，doing不变。如：Isawhimgoingintotheshop.(主动)Hewasseengoingintotheshop.(被动)washeardtoweremadeto104、主语从句•汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等常见的宾语从句句型。•It’ssaid/reported/believed/that…据说/报道/认为…•It’ssuggestedthat…有人建议…•It’swellknownthat…众所周知…•eg:ItwasreportedthatitrainedheavilyinthesouthofChina.据报道，一个老人在大街上慢慢走着的时候，被一辆快速从旁边经过的汽车撞倒了。Itisreportedthatwhenanoldmanwaswalkingonthestreetatalowspeed,hewasknockeddownbyacarpassingbyatahighspeed.115、没有被动语态的动词和词组1.不及物动词如happen,appear,belongto,takeplace,breakout等无被动语态Atrafficaccident_____________(happen)justnow.2.连系动词无被动语态，如feelsmelllooksoundtaste等。PekingOpera__________(sound)beautiful3.表状态的动词无被动语态，如haveownIhaveabike.happenedsounds124.wash,write,sell,wear此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候，不用被动语态,常用副词well,easily修饰。Thebooksellswell.(这本书销路很好)Thisdresswasheseasily.(这衣服较好洗)Thepenwritessmoothly.（这支钢笔写起来很流畅）135.need,demand,want(需要）,require,beworth等后用动名词表被动。Thedeskneedsrepairing.Thenovelisworthseeing.注意：need后可接动名词表被动，又可接动词不定式的被动形式。：Thedeskneedsrepairing.Thedeskneedstoberepaired.141.Thislisteningmaterial,togetherwithitsCD-ROMs,______well.A.sellsB.sellC.issoldD.aresold2.—Excuseme.I'mlookingforBetheBestofYourself.—Sorry.Thebookyouaskfor______out.A.issellingB.issoldC.wassellingD.willbesold153.HanHan’sbooksarepopular.They_______bymanyteenagers.A.isreadB.wasreadC.arereadD.wereread4.—Atpresent,oneofthebestwaystostudyisworkingingroups.—Morechances_______tostudentstolearnfromeachother.A.offerB.areofferedC.haveofferedD.areoffering165.—Didn’tyouseethesign“NoParking!”ontheright?—Sorry,Ididn’t.ButnowIknowparking_______here.A.wasn'tallowedB.isn'tallowedC.won'tallowD.doesn'tallow6.Thechildwithoutparents______goodcareofbyhisteachersinthisspecialschool.A.istakenB.aretakenC.takeD.takes177.—Haveyoufinishedyourproject?—Notyet.I’llfinishitifI_______tenmoreminutes.A.giveB.amgivenC.willgiveD.willbegiven8.Thispairofshoes_______hand,andit______verycomfortable.A.ismadewith;isfeltB.aremadefrom;isfeltC.aremadeof;feelsD.ismadeby;feels189.Insomepartsoftheworld,tea________withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served10.Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday_______.A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided1911.ThisisTed’sphone.Wemisshimalot.He_________tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.A.killedB.iskilledC.waskilledD.waskilling12.----Haveyoumoveintothenewhouse?----Notyet,therooms__________.A.arebeingpaintedB.arepaintingC.arepaintedD.arebeingpainting20