The-separation-of-power

Separateofpower•Itisknowntousthatthepoliticalsystemvaryfromcountrytocountrydependingonitsdifferentnationalcondition,suchastheconstitutionalmonarchyofUKandthePeople'sCongresssystemofChina,theseparationofpowerofUS.Today,IwilltalkabouthowtheAmericangovernmentworksundertheideaofseparationofpowerwhichisassociatedwiththechecksandbalancessystem.•Montesquieu----”TheSpiritoftheLaws”TheoriginationandmeaningTheaffiliateddepartmentandoperationMainpowers:•Mayvetolaws•dealingwithinternationalpowers,•citingaschieflawenforcementofficer,•directinggovernment,commandingtheArmedForces,•WageswaratthedirectionofCongress(Congressmakestherulesforthemilitary)•Makesdecreesordeclarations(forexample,declaringastateofemergency)•promulgateslawfulregulationsandexecutiveorders•AppointsjudgesandexecutivedepartmentheadsExecutivebranchLegislativebranchMainpowers:•Writesandenactslaws•Enactstaxes,authorizesborrowing,andsetsthebudget•Hassolepowertodeclarewar•Maystartinvestigations,especiallyagainsttheexecutivebranch•TheSenateconsiderspresidentialappointmentsofjudgesandexecutivedepartmentheads•TheSenateratifiestreaties•TheHouseofRepresentativesmayimpeach,andtheSenatemayremove,executiveandjudicialofficers•……JudicialbranchMainpowers:•interpretingtheConstitution,•reviewinglaws•decidecasesinvolvingstates'rights.•DetermineswhichlawsCongressintendedtoapplytoanygivencase•Determineswhetheralawisunconstitutional•DetermineshowCongressmeantthelawtoapplytodisputes•DetermineshowalawactstodeterminethedispositionofprisonersDetermineshowalawactstocompeltestimonyandtheproductionofevidence•Determineshowlawsshouldbeinterpretedtoassureuniformpoliciesinatop-downfashionviatheappealsprocess,butgivesdiscretioninindividualcasestolow-leveljudges.•1.WhetheralawispassedornotdecidedbytheCongressTheHouseandSenatemaypassalawthatthePresidentdoesnotlike.ThePresidentcanvetothelawbuttheCongressoverridethevideorequiring2/3voteofbothhouses.•2.TheSupremeCourtcandecideweatherthePresidentortheCongressisunconstitutional.IfTheHouseandSenatepassalaw,thePresidentsignsit,buttheSupremeCourtdecidesitisunconstitutional,theycanstrikedownthelaw.systemofchecks-and-balances•3.TheappointmentoftheJudgesfortheSupremeCourseisdecidedbyboththePresidentandtheCongress.ThePresidentnominatesJudgesfortheSupremeCourt;theUSSenatemustapprovetheJudgenominatedbeforehecanserve.•4.TheJudgesofSupremeCourtcanberemovedbytheCongress.SupremeCourtjudgeshavelifeterms.Buttheycanbeimpeached.•5.TheCongresscanvetotheproposalsofthePresidentandthecanrejectitagain,butitwasdecidedbytheCongress.examplestoshowhowthesystemofchecks-and-balancesoperates•AftertheCivilWarPresidentAndrewJohnsonvetoedover20bills.•AftertheCivilWarCongressoverrodeover20Presidentialvetoes!•In1987PresidentRonaldReaganappointedJudgeRobertBorktotheSupremeCourt,hisnominationwasdefeated.•……