高考短语必备第1页共9页高考短语动词必备1、短语动词分析(1)短语动词的构成动词加at,for,from,into,of,to,with构成的短语动词时动介型的动词短语。这类短语动词相当于及物动词,其后须有宾语,宾语(不管是代词或名词)只能放在介词后面,不能放在动词和介词之间。在被动语态中,整个短语动词要作为整体看待,不可拆分或漏缺。Applyfor申请,请求Appealto吸引,呼吁,上诉Arriveat/in到达Attendto处理,关照Askfor请求;向……要Adaptto适应(新环境)Relateto涉及;有关联Gofor努力获取Playwith玩,玩耍;游戏Believein相信,信仰Benefitfrom得益于Breakinto闯入Comeacross(偶然)遇见Dealwith处理应付Dowith处理,使用Complainof/about抱怨Leadto通向;导致;产生Resultin结果,终归,导致Lookafter照料,看管Lookinto调查,浏览Objectto反对抗议Dreamof梦见,空想Addto增加,增添Allowfor顾及,考虑,体谅Aimat瞄准,旨在,针对Argueabout争辩Callat访问(某地)Callon访问;号召;邀请(某人)Carefor照管,喜欢Callfor去取(接),要求Commenton评述,评论Referto提到,查询Contributeto有助于Consistof由……组成构成Dieof病死饿死冻死Livewith忍受;与……同往Feellike想要Hearof听说Careabout担心,关心Runafter追赶Huntfor搜索;追求;寻找Insiston坚持要,强调Knockat/on敲门窗Knockinto撞在……身上Laughat嘲笑Listento听……(讲话)Liveon靠……生活Longfor渴望,思慕Dependon依靠依赖Payfor付钱,支付Pointto指向Relayon依靠,信赖;指望Sendfor派人去叫(请)Talkabout谈到说到Talkwith(to)和……交谈Thinkabout考虑,思索,回忆Thinkof想起。想出Waitfor等候;等待Worryabout担心Standfor代表;象征Lendto朝向;趋于Sufferfrom遭受(痛苦、损失)Burstinto突然……起来Centreon集中于Concentrateon专心致志于Caterto满足(需求)Stickto坚持;粘到……上Pointat指示;指向高考短语必备第2页共9页(2)及物动词+副词动词+ahead,down,aside,back,off,in,out,forward,on,over,up等构成的动副型短语动词,相当于及物动词,可以用于被动语态,也可以有宾语。如果宾语是名词,之间之后均可;如果是代词宾语,只能放在动词和副词中间。Bringin引进;引来Calloff取消,停止Cutout切断,断绝Dressup打扮,装饰Actout把……表演出来Findout查明,发现Giveout放出Getacross是被理解;讲清楚Giveup放弃,中止,停止Clearup清扫,整理,消除Handin递交,上交Jointup连接起来Keepout不许入内Leaveout省去,遗漏Letin让进来Letout放出,泄漏Teardown拆毁;拆除Driveoff开走;赶走;击退Lockup把……锁起来Lookup查询Payoff还清付清债务Pickout挑出,辨别Pulldown拆毁,拉倒,推翻Pullup把……往上拽Holdup举起,拖延,耽搁Rollup使成筒(卷、球)型Holdback隐瞒,阻止,扣留Putaway储藏;储存Ringback回电话Useup用完;用尽Setaside留出;拔出;储蓄Ringoff挂断电话Ringup打电话Seeoff为某人送行Sellout卖完Sendup发射Setup建立,创立,竖立Takeover接受;接管Takein欺骗,吸收Callup召集,使想起,调动Throwaway扔掉Turnoff关掉(电源)Turnon打开(电源)Workout算出,解决,制定出Lightup照亮,点烟Cheerup使感到振奋Cutup切碎,剪碎Giveoff释放;放出Putforward提出,建议,推荐Calmdown使镇静Callin召集,打电话Wipeout消灭,擦掉,去除Cooloff变凉,冷静Digup挖出,掘出Tearup撕毁,取消合同Leavealone不管,不理Roundup赶拢,围捕Bringup培养,提出,呕吐Pointout指出Tieup系;栓;捆Putout出版,扑灭,关掉Addup把……加起来Leavebehind忘带;留下Knockdown击倒,撞到Doup打扮,梳妆Tellapart分辨;区别Sendoff寄出,派遣Takeoff脱下,营救Makeup构成Putoff取消;推迟;拖延Pickup捡起;收听;用车接Openup开设;开业;开放Tryon试穿戴Tryout试验,尝试Wearout把……穿坏;磨坏Slowdown减缓,减速Turndown关小,调低,拒绝高考短语必备第3页共9页(3)不及物动词+副词不及物动词后加away,in,back,off,out,on,down,over,through,up等副词,相当于一个不及物动词,这种结构的短语动词不能用于被动语态,也不能接宾语。Breakdown出故障(毛病)Breakout(战争火灾等)发生Carryon坚持(继续)下去Comeabout发生,改变方向Comealong一道来,进步,进展Comeback回来;恢复Comeon赶快;来吧;加油Comeout花开;发芽;出版Comeover顺便来访Cometo苏醒过来Cooloff变冷;冷却;冷静Dieaway逐渐消失Diedown变弱;平息;消失Dieout灭绝;逐渐消失Dropoff下车Dropout退出Getaround四处走动;活动Getaway逃离Getback回来;返回Getdown下来,下车,落下Getthrough通过;打通电话Holdon等一等;电话不挂断Givein让步;投降;屈服Holdback退缩;踌躇Hurryup赶快;快点Goaway离开Goback回去Goout外出;(灯火)熄灭Goup上升;增长;攀登Getup起床Growup长大;成长Lookout当心;留神;注意Lookup向上看;抬头看Passaway去世;逝世Ringback回电话Ringup打电话Runaway逃跑;流失;逃走;逃脱Runout耗尽Setoff出发;动身;起程Setout出发;开始;上路Stayaway不在家;外出Turnaround转过身;转过来Stayup不睡;熬夜Turnup出现;露面;到场Watchout注意;当心(4)动词+名词+介词这类动词短语相当于及物动词,需要接宾语,大多可以用于被动语态,而且常有两种构成方式:把短语动词中的名词用于被动语态句的主语,或把短语动词后的介词宾语用作被动语态句的主语。Catch(seize、take)holdof抓住Catchaglimpseof瞥见Catchsightof看见Getholdof抓住;拿住;握住Getridof摆脱Giveriseto引起Haveaneffecton对……有影响(效果)Keepaneyeon留意Putanendto结束Haveeyeoutfor留心;注意Havemerryon对……怜悯Keeppacewith赶上Keepupwith与……保持联系Keeptrackof保持联系Takepridein感到自豪Takenoticeof注意;留心;款待Makefriendswith与……交友Makefunof取笑Makepreparationfor为……准备Makeroomfor给……腾地方Takepartin参加Makesentenceswith用……造句Makeuseof利用Payattentionto注意Haveaneyefor(on)有眼力;找便宜Setanexampleto为……树榜样高考短语必备第4页共9页Setfireto放火烧……Setsail(to,from,for)起航Shakehandswith与……握手Takeaccountof考虑Takeadvantageof利用,趁机Takecareof照料,注意,留神Losesightof看不见Makesenseof弄懂……意思;理解Takepossessionof拥有;占有Taketheplaceof代替Throwlighton说明,阐明;使清楚Layfoundationof为……打基础Playtrickson作弄(5)动词+副词+介词这类动词短语相当于及物动词,需要接宾语,大多也可以用于被动语态。Addupto合计达,等于Breakawayfrom摆脱;脱离Catchupwith赶上Comeupto达到;符合Comeupwith提出;想出(主意等)。Datebackto追溯到Doawaywith废除;取消Dropinon顺便拜访某人Dropinat顺便访问某地Dropoutof从……中退出;辍学Endupwith以……告终Fallinlovewith爱上Fillupwith用……填满Fitinwith与……相适应(协调)Getalongwith进展;相处Getthroughto理解,打通电话Faceupto面对Getawaywith逃离Godownonone’sknees跪下Getdownto认真从事Goinfor赞成;参加;爱好Goonwith继续做某事Gothroughwith完成Holdonto抓(留、保)住Keepawayfrom避免Keepupwih跟上;不落后Listeninto听广播Liveupto做到;不辜负(期望)Lookdownon轻视;蔑视Lookforwardto期盼期望Lookoutof警惕;留心Lookupto尊敬;仰望Makeupto接近;巴结;讨好Pulloutof从……中退出Putupwith忍受;容忍Runoutof缺乏;用完Watchoutfor当心;提放;寻找Walkupto走进;走向Cutdownon减少Turnoutfor出席(6)动词+反身代词+介词这类短语动词相当于及物动词,其后接宾语,如果不用反身代词,有时需用被动语态。Abandononeselfto沉溺于;陷入Accustomoneselfto使习惯于Addressoneselfto致力于,专心于Adaptoneselfto使自己适应于Dressoneselfin穿(衣服)Helponeselfto自取(用)某物Expressoneselfin用……表达思想Findoneselfin发现自己处于Devoteoneselfto致力于,专心于Prideoneselfin以……自豪Congratulateoneselfon庆幸自己Adjustoneselfto使调整、适应Treatoneselfto舍得(吃、穿、喝等)Throwoneselfinto积极投身于Applyoneselfto专注于Loseoneselfto沉溺于Amuseoneselfwith(by)以……自娱Makeoneselfathome随便,不拘束Makeoneselfunderstood让别人理解自己;表白自己高考短语必备第5页共9页2、常见短语动词分类V.+aboutargueabout争论,askabout打听;探寻botherabout麻烦;烦扰bringabout引起;产生;导致careabout关心;在乎comeabout发生;产生complainabout抱怨concernabout关心;挂念forgetabout忘记Goabout着手;走动hearabout听说inquireabout询问knowabout了解quarrelabout为……争吵readabout读知;阅悉s