当前位置:首页 > 商业/管理/HR > 项目/工程管理 > 2019年英语专八阅读理解考前练习试题及答案
2019年英语专八阅读理解考前练习试题及答案Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience,buttheirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearance,weredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventors,andengineers?Dusingnonscientificmodesofthought.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinthemindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess.InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennonverbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings.Pyramids,cathedrals,androcketsexistnotbecauseofgeometryorthermodynamics,butbecausetheywerefirstapictureinthemindsofthosewhobuiltthem.Thecreativeshapingprocessofatechnologist’smindcanbeseeninnearlyeveryartifactthatexists.Forexample,indesigningadieselengine,atechnologistmightimpressindividualwaysofnonverbalthinkingonthemachinebycontinuallyusinganintuitivesenseofrightnessandfitness.Whatwouldbetheshapeofthecombustionchamber?Whereshouldbevalvesbeplaced?Shouldithavealongorshortpiston?Suchquestionshavearangeofanswersthataresuppliedbyexperience,byphysicalrequirements,bylimitationsofavailablespace,andnotleastbyasenseofform.Somedecisionssuchaswallthicknessandpindiametermaydependonscientificcalculations,butthenonscientificcomponentofdesignremainsprimary.Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestock-in-tradeoftheartist,notthescientist.Becauseperceptiveprocessesarenotassumedtoentailhardthinking,nonverbalthoughtissometimesseenasaprimitivestageinthedevelopmentofcognitiveprocessesandinferiortoverbalormathematicalthought.ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometricviewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.Ifcoursesindesign,whichinastronglyanalyticalengineeringcurriculumprovidethebackgroundrequiredforpracticalproblem-solving,arenotprovided,wecanexpecttoencountersillybutcostlyerrorsoccurringinadvancedengineeringsystems.Forexample,earlymodelsofhigh-speedrailroadcarsloadedwithsophisticatedcontrolswereunabletooperateinasnowstormbecauseafansuckedsnowintotheelectricalsystem.Absurdrandomfailuresthatplagueautomaticcontrolsystemsarenotmerelytrivialaberrations;theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.1.Inthetext,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith[A]Identifyingthekindsofthinkingthatisusedbytechnologists.[B]Stressingtheimportanceofnonverbalthinkinginengineeringdesign.[C]Proposinganewrolefornonscientificthinkinginthedevelopmentoftechnology.[D]Contrastingthegoalsofengineerswiththoseoftechnologists.2.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorthinksengineeringcurriculaare[A]Strengthenedwhentheyincludecoursesindesign.[B]Weakenedbythesubstitutionofphysicalsciencecoursesforcoursesdesignedtodevelopmathematicalskills.[C]Strongbecausenonverbalthinkingisstillemphasizedbymostofthecourses.[D]Strongdespitetheerrorsthosegraduatesofsuchcurriculahavemadeinthedevelopmentofautomaticcontrolsystems.3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestillustratesthemainpointofthefirsttwoparagraphsofthetext?[A]Whenamachinelikearotaryenginemalfunctions,itisthetechnologistwhoisbestequippedtorepairit.[B]Eachcomponentofanautomobile?Dforexample,theengineorthefueltank?Dhasashapethathasbeenscientificallydeterminedtobebestsuitedtothatcomponent’sfunction.[C]Atelephoneisacomplexinstrumentdesignedbytechnologistsusingonlynonverbalthought.[D]Thedistinctivefeaturesofasuspensionbridgereflectitsdesigner''sconceptualizationaswellasthephysicalrequirementsofitssite.4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldbestserveasanintroductiontothetext?[A]Theassumptionthattheknowledgeincorporatedintechnologicaldevelopmentsmustbederivedfromscienceignoresthemanynonscientificdecisionsmadebytechnologists.[B]Analyticalthoughtisnolongeravitalcomponentinthesuccessoftechnologicaldevelopment.[C]Asknowledgeoftechnologyhasincreased,thetendencyhasbeentolosesightoftheimportantroleplayedbyscientificthoughtinmakingdecisionsaboutform,arrangement,andtexture.[D]Amovementinengineeringcollegestowardatechnician’sdegreereflectsademandforgraduateswhohavethenonverbalreasoningabilitythatwasoncecommonamongengineers.5.TheauthorcallsthepredicamentfacedbytheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordparadoxical(line6,paragraph3)mostprobablybecause[A]Thepublicationneededdrawingsthatitsownstaffcouldnotmake.[B]Architecturalschoolsofferedbutdidnotrequireengineeringdesigncoursesfortheirstudents.[C]Collegestudentswerequalifiedtomakethedrawingswhilepracticingengineerswerenot.[D]Engineeringstudentswerenottrainedtomakethetypeofdrawingsneededtorecordthedevelopmentoftheirowndiscipline.答案与考点解析1.「答案」B「考点解析」这是一道中心主旨题。本题的准确答案信息点在原文第一段的倒数第二句,该句强调“nonverbalthinking”的重要性。可见本题的准确选项应该是B.考生在破解中心主旨题时一定要首先找出原文的中心主旨句。2.「答案」A「考点解析」这是一道反推题。根据题干中的“engineeringcurricula”可将本题的准确答案信息来源确定在原
本文标题:2019年英语专八阅读理解考前练习试题及答案
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-4338537 .html