英语语音及拼读规则

英语语音及拼读规则•48个音素•1.20个元音（vowels）单元音•前元音[i:][i][e][æ]中元音[ə:][ə][ʌ]后元音[a:][ɔ][ɔ:][u][u:]•双元音•开合双元音[ei][ai][ɔi][əu][au]集中双元音[iə][εə][uə]•2.28个辅音（consonants）•爆破音清辅音[p][t][k]浊辅音[b][d][g]摩擦音清辅音[f][s][ʃ][θ][h]浊辅音[v][z][ʒ][ð][r]•破擦音清辅音[tʃ][tr][ts]浊辅音[dʒ][dr][dz]鼻音（浊辅音）[m][n][ŋ]舌侧音（浊辅音）[l]半元音（浊辅音）[w][j]•3.元音字母在开音节与闭音节中的发音：•1)开音节•A)相对开音节：•1个元音字母+1个辅音字母（r除外）+不发音的e结尾•game,nice,make,these,home•B)绝对开音节：•1个辅音字母+1个发音元音字母结尾的重读音节•gobemebycryshehe•student,baby•2）闭音节•一个元音字母+一个或几个辅音字母（r除外）结尾的重读音节称为闭音节。•例：map,desk,islittle字母开音节例词闭音节例词a[ei]nameplane[æ]bagbacke[i:]weshe[e]penbeddeski(y)[ai]bikeknifeskyfly[i]isitbigo[əu]nohome[ɔ]boxbossnotu[ju:][u:]useruler[ʌ]busnutbut3）元音字母在开、闭音节中的发音•元音字母在单词中的特殊发音•1.a在[w]音后面[ɔ]•wantwhatwatchwashquality•但water[ˈwɔ:tə]（英）•2.a在fnskphspssstth前[a:]•afterplantgraphaskgraspglassfastfather•3.i在-nd-ld和gh前[ai]•findchildlighthigh•4.o在-st-ld前[əu]•mostpostcardoldcold•5.o在mnvth前[ʌ]•comemonkeylovemother4.元音字母在非重读音节中的发音元音字母在非重读音节中一般发/i/或/ə/如：a在非重读音节中的发音：•/ə/about,breakfast,camera；•/i/orange,language；•不发音：festival•e在非重读音节中的发音：•/ə/camera,children,comedy；•/i/because,basketball,chicken；•/i:/:maybe(注:e在maybe中也可发短音/i/.)；•不发音：every,interesting•i(y)在非重读音节中是发这三种音：•/ə/activity,April；•/i/difficult,English；•/ai/:exercise,ideal•o在非重读音节中的发音略有变化：•/ə/carrot,computer,introduce，history；/əu/hotel,November,photo•u在非重读音节中有四种发音•/ə/August,chorus•/ju/documentary,singular/u/或/u:/:July；/i/:minute•5.元音字母与元音字母组合发音规则•ai/ei/•aidaimafraidexplainwaitwaiterpaidcampaignraingrainremainchaingaintraintailrailrailwaylaidSpaintrainingraincoatfailwaitressdailypainmainlymainsaile-mailpaintstraightcomplain•/i/bargaincaptainmountain•/e/againstagainsaid•不发音certaincurtaincertainly•au/ɔ:/autumnAugustauthorastronautpausecausefaultlaunchcaught•/ɒ/AustraliaAustriabecause•/ɑ:/auntlaughlaughter•/ə/restaurant•ay•/eɪ/daybreakmaybeplaygroundsomeday•birthdaydaytodayweekdaypayrepay•praywayhighwayawaysayessaymay•staylayplaydelay•/ɪ/MondayTuesdayWednesdayThursday•FridaySaturdaySunday•ea/i:/easyeateasteacheagereasebest•cheapcleanleafmeandreamcreature•seatea•/e/breadbreakfastbreathheadready•treasurehealth•/eɪ/breakgreatgreatlygreatnessyea•/ɪə/hearingrealrealizetheatreidea•areaKorea•其它/ə/ocean•/不发音/beauty•ee/i:/greendeedjeepstreetGreece•agreebeeseekneetreethreegreedy•freedegreeteethfeetgeesethirteen•teenagerheel•/i/coffee•ei•/i:/eitherreceiveceilingseizeneither••/ai/eitherneitherheight•/ei/eightneighbor•ey•/i:/key•/eɪ/heyobeygreytheyokey•/ɪ/volleyballmoneyhoneymonkey•journeyvalley•ia•/jə/CanadianChristianItalianOceania•Indian•/iə/pianistlibrarianmaterialmemorial•Australiabacteria•/aiə/diarydiamondtrial••ie•/i:/believefieldpiecenieceachievement•beliefspecies•/ai/dietielie•/aiə/quietsciencesocietyscientist•variety•/ɪə/experiencenutrient•io/jə/unionmillionopinionchampioncompanion•/ɪə/idiotidiomperiod•/aɪə/lionviolinpioneer•/ə/religionsuspicionfashion•iou•/ɪə/curiousobviousseriousvariousmysterious•behaviour•/ə/consciousanxiouspreciousreligious•iu•/jə/stadiumgeniusradium•/ə/Belgium•oa•/əʊ/oak(橡树)coalcharcoal(木炭)goatJoanroad•boatthroatfloatcoastgoal•/ɔ:/broadbroadcast•oe•/əʊ/JoetoeCrusoetiptoe•/u:/canoeshoe•oi/oy•/ɔi/oiljoinnoisevoicepointsoilboil•disappointedpoisonchoice•boyboyhoodjoyenjoyoverjoy•destroytoyjoyfulvoyage•oo•/u:/choosetoothfoodmooncoolloose•roomtoozoobamboobootshoot•/ʊ/bookgoodwoodfootbedroom•classroom•/ʌ/bloodflood•ou•/aʊ/outaboutmouthloudtrousershouse•blousemountainsouth•/ʌ/countryyoungtroubledoublesouthern•coupletouchcousincourage•/u:/grouproutewoundyou•/əʊ/soulshoulder•/ə/famousnervousfavouritemoustache•poisonousdangerousdelicious•ui/i/build•/u:/fruit•uy•/aɪ/buyguy6.元音字母与辅音字母组合的发音al-[ɔ:]allcallballwallwalk有时发[ɔ:l]alsosaltalwaysalmost…aw[ɔ:]sawlawdrawair-[εə]airhairchair•ew-[ju:]newfewsew•[u:]blewthrewflew(r+ew,l+ew)•eer-[iə]pioneervolunteer•ear[iə]earnearheardearclear•[ɛə]pearbear•[ə:]yearearly•eigh[ei]eightweight•）•ign[ai]sign•igh[ai]lightnightbrightrightfightflight•(gh不发音•oar/ɔ:/board•ow[əʊ]knowrowslowthrowsnow[au]hownowcowcrowdbrowntownflowerdown•oor[ɔ:]doorfloor(注意poor[puə])•ough-[ɔ:]boughtbroughtthought•our-[ɔ:]yourfour•[ˈauə]ourhour•[ə]colourneighbour••7.r音节(元音字母+r)•ar/ɑ:/cargarden,market,park/ɔ:/warm在/w/后常发/ɔ://ə/dollar••er/ə:/herdessert/ɑ:/clerk/ə/answer,computer,daughter,concert,summer,shower,exerciseir/ə:/firstthirteenbird•or/ɔ:/for,sport,shorts,morning,born•/ə:/word,work,world•ur/ə:/Thursdayturnburnsurvey•/ə/Saturday•8.re音节(元音字母+re)•are/ɛə/sharehare•ere/ɛə/therewhere•/iə/here•ire/aiə/tiredfirehire•ore/ɔ:/before,store•ure/uə/sure•/ə/picture,lecture•辅音字母及辅音字母组合在单词中的发音•b/b/如：bagbed•ble[bl]abletablepossiblec[k]cap，cup，cold，clothes，[s]nice，city，bicycle，•[∫]ocean，special，precious，•ch[tʃ]teach，child，change，chair，[k]school，chemical，headache，ck[k]quickly，cock，back，pick.cle[kl]uncle，circle，bicycle，•d/d/handdeskbed•dge：[dʒ]bridge，judge，‘knowledge，•g[g]get，big，game，bag，•[dʒ]danger，energy，engineer.•change，‘village，huge，•gh[f]langh，cough，enough•gn[n]sign，design，campaign，•kn[n]know，knife，knee，knit，•n[n]not，kind，line，son.ng[η]sing，young，wrong，thing，[ηg]‘englishEngla