英语语音教学课件1：音标

2020/3/131英语语音Englishphonetics2020/3/132第一章：国际音标InternationalPhoneticAlphabet1886年，欧洲各国的语音学教师在英国伦敦成立了“语音学教师协会”（ThePhoneticTeacher’sAssociation）,后改名为“国际语音学协会”（InternationalPhoneticAssociation）。这个协会成立的主要目的是考虑建立一套科学的，能代表口头交际中实际发音的注音符号和考虑如何把语音学的知识有效地应用在英语教学上。“国际语音学协会”的语音专家们主张设计一套能够适用与英语以及其他各种重要语言的音标，并于1888难月发表了他们共同制定的第一套国际性的音标，定名为“国际音标”（Inter-nationalPhoneticAlphabet），简称IPA.自1888年制定国际音标至今，根据英国标准音（ReceivedPronunciation,简称R.P.）国际音标已经被更好的发展和完善了。最著名的首推英国语音学教授DanielJones。2020/3/133简介：1.英国标准音(ReceivedPronunciation)TheQueen’sEnglishStandardPronunciationReceivedPronunciationBBC2.DanielJonesDanielJones:著名的英国语音学教授，是科学地完善国际音标的语音学权威。他所编著的Everyman’sEnglishPronouncingDictionary自1917年首次发行第一版到1977年，已经发行了14版。在本课程中，凡是用到DanielJones音标的时候，统一简写为D.J.音标。3.英语音标组成英语中共有12个单元音，8个双元音和24和辅音。2020/3/134单元音(thepurevowels)前元音(thefrontvowels)4后元音(thebackvowels)5中元音(thecentralvowels)3双元音(thediphthongs)合口双元音(theclosingdiphthongs)5集中双元音(thecenteringdiphthongs)3辅音(theconsonants)爆破音(theplosiveconsonants)6摩擦音(thefricativeconsonants)10破擦音(theaffricateconsonants)2鼻音(thenasalconsonants)3舌侧音(thelateralconsonants)1半元音(thesemi-vowels)22020/3/135frontvowelsSymbolkeywordi:sheepIshipebedAbad2020/3/136发音器官：1上唇2下唇3上齿4下齿5上齿龈6硬腭7软腭8舌尖9舌中10舌后11舌根12口腔13鼻子14鼻腔15声带2020/3/137backvowelsSymbolkeywordB:carC:norCnotU:foolUbook2020/3/138centralvowelsSymbolkeywordQbut[:girl[ago2020/3/139closingdiphthongsSymbolkeywordeitake[UnoaIlikeaUnowCIboy2020/3/1310centeringdiphthongsSymbolkeywordI[hereZ[thereU[poor2020/3/1311/i:/emeshethesePeteeveningeemeetkeengreetbreezespeecheateapealeadreadteachpleasepeakeacheireceivedeceiveperceiveiebelieverelieverelieffieldipoliceeopeople2020/3/1312/i/ithisitisinwithmiddleeEnglishEnglandprettyuibuildingowomen2020/3/1313/e/emetwellyetverylecturespendeareadypeasantalreadymeasurepleasureaiagainsaidaysaysaanymany2020/3/1314/A/aambaghandthankcampusfactoryfamilySaturday2020/3/1315/B:/aansweraskclassglasstaskstaffplantbatharbarparkhardlargepardondarkauauntlaughearhearterclerksergeantalpalmcalm2020/3/1316/C/oonoffnotlotjobawashwhatwantwatchowknowledge2020/3/1317/C:/awaterhaltfalsealalltallcalltalkwalkawdawndrawnaughdaughtercaughtorornorbornlordorebeforeoughoughtboughtthoughtourfour2020/3/1318/u/owolfwomanoobookcookgoodoulcouldshouldwouldufullpullputJuly2020/3/1319/U:/odotolosemoveproveoeshoeoocoolmoonroomtooafternoonschoolublueruleJune2020/3/1320/Q/ononesoncomebrothermotherotheranotherusunbusstudyhusband2020/3/1321/[:/erhercertainterminalearearlylearnirgirlfirstbirdshirturnurseturnturnfurfurtherorworkworldworsewormworldwordy2020/3/1322/[/aaboutagoChinabreakfastoopposesecondmethodproposeusupportsupposesuspectcampusarcollarforwardermotherteacherbetterordoctormonitoractorfactorursurprisesurrendersurvivaloufamousourcolour2020/3/1323/ei/atakemakenameplanechangestrangelabeltableaiwaitrainpainafraidgraintrainraiseaymaywaydayplaysayeieightneighborreigneytheygrey2020/3/1324/[u/onohomepostholdnoticenotebookoaboatcoatroadowlowknowbowlsowshowoushoulder2020/3/1325/ai/iIwifenicetidelikefindkindmindymybywhystylesupplyuybuy2020/3/1326/au/ouloudhouseroundshoutthousandowbownowdowncrowd2020/3/1327/Ci/oioilboiltoilspoilvoiceoyboytoyjoyannoyenjoy2020/3/1328/I[/eaideareallytheatreearhearnearyearclearappeareredeercheerengineererehere2020/3/1329/e[/airairairportchairfairpairstairarecareparefarecompareearbearerethereeirtheir2020/3/1330/u[/uaFebruaryoorpoormoorourtourtouristuresure2020/3/1331plosiveconsonantsSymbolkeywordppenbbagttooddokkeyggo2020/3/1332fricativeconsonantsSymbolkeywordffivevverysseezzooFsheVpleasureWthankTthatrredhhe2020/3/1333affricateconsonantsSymbolkeywordtFcheapdVjackettrtreedrdreamtscatsdzbeds2020/3/1334nasalconsonantsSymbolkeywordmmennoNsing2020/3/1335lateralconsonantsSymbolkeywordllikedeal2020/3/1336semi-vowelsSymbolkeywordwwejyear2020/3/1337Someskillsofthepronunciationofplosiveconsonants:1舌侧爆破/pl-/placeplaneplatepleaseplosiveplainpleasureplant/kl-/clearcleancloseclue2020/3/13382鼻腔爆破/-tn/writtenbuttoncertainfrighten/-dn/hiddengardenburdenpardon2020/3/1339美式发音AmericanEnglish英式读音根据的是EnglishPronouncingDictionary《英语正音辞典》。它们代表了被称为“ReceivedPronunciation”（RP）（标准读音）的读音，这在受过教育的英国人尤其是南部英格兰人中通用。美式读音代表了一种（有时是两种）在美国人中较通用的读音，通常用KK音标标示，即由美国语言学家JohnS.Kenyon和ThomasAKnott研究出来的音标。早在1888年国际语音协会(InternationalPhoneticAssociation)的语言学家便制定出一套可国际通用的语音符号叫国际音标符号(IPA─InternationalPhoneticAlphabet)，希望以一个符号代表一音，并避免各人使用一套自己的符号所产生的不便。国内的英文字典里最常见的音标为英式发音的国际音标(DJ)和美式发音的KK音标，前者乃根据DanielJones编的英语发音字典(EnglishPronouncingDictionary,1963)，后者则是根据JohnS.Kenyon&ThomasA.Knott二氏的美语发音字典(APronouncingDictionaryofAmericanEnglish,1956)。值得一提的是，KK音标所使用的符号均从前面提到的国际音标符号(IPA)而来，Kenyon&Knott二氏仅将其中适用于美式英语的符号截取出来。2020/3/1340ComparisonsofD.J.andK.K.frontvowelsD.J.K.K.Keywordsi:IbeeI0siteGsetA$sad2020/3/1341backvowelsD.J.K.K.keywordB:ArcarAcalmC:or/CrnorCthoughtCAnotU:ufoolU?book2020/3/1342centralvowelsD.J.K.K.keywordQQbut[:girlQsister[Dago2020/3/1343closingdiphthongsD.J.K.K.key