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100个最最常用医学前后缀Table1Examplesoforgansandsystems（部分器官与系统术语）中文普通前/后缀形容词示例心heartcardiocardiaccardialcardiology心脏病学endocarditis心内膜炎myocarditis心肌炎脑braincerebroencephalocraniocerebralcranialcerebrum大脑cerebellum小脑encephalopathy脑病intracranial颅内的肺lungpulmopulmonarypulmonology肺病学pulmonectomy肺切除pulmonitis肺炎肝liverhepatohepatichepatitis肝炎hepatobiliary肝胆的hepatoenterostomy肝肠吻合肾Kidney.nephrorenalnephritis肾炎nephropathy肾病nephrectomy肾切除胃stomachgastrogastricgastritis胃炎gastroenteritis胃肠炎gastrectomy胃切除肠intestinegutbowelenterointestinalenteritis肠炎grastroenteritis胃肠炎enterostomy肠造口术食道/管esophagusesophagoesophagealesophagitis食道炎esophagoscopy食道镜esophagoplasty食道成形术胆（汁）gallbladderBilecholebiliarycholecystitis胆囊炎cholecystectomy胆囊切除cholelithiasis胆结石脾spleensplenosplenicsplenectomy脾切除splenomegaly脾大胰pancreaspancreatopancreaticpancreatitis胰腺炎pancreatectomy胰腺切除pancreatopathy胰腺病膀胱bladdercystcystocysticcystitis膀胱炎cystectomy膀胱切除cystography膀胱造影（泌）尿UrineUrethraurourethroUrinaryurethralurology泌尿病学transurethral经尿道的urosurgery泌尿外科直肠Anusrectoanalrectoscopy直肠镜检查rectumrectalrectoplasty直肠成形术rectocolitis直肠结肠炎结肠coloncolocolonalcolitis结肠炎colorectoscopy直肠结肠镜检查colostomy结肠造口肌musclemyomuscularmyocarditis心肌炎myoloma肌瘤myotonia肌强直关节jointarthroarticulararthritis关节炎osteoarthritis骨关节炎arthropathy关节病骨boneosteobonyosteoplasty骨整形osteogenesis骨生长osteopathy骨病髓marrowmyelmyeloma骨髓瘤myelitis骨髓炎myelopathy骨髓病血bloodHematoHemo/ahematology血液学hematoma血肿hemastasis止血血管vesselvasoangiovascularcardiovascularaccident(CVA)心血管意外cerebrovascular脑血管的vasopressin血管加压素angiography血管造影动脉arteryarterioarterialarteriosclerosis动脉硬化静脉veinvenovenousIntravenous静脉内的神经nerveneuronervousneurosurgery神经外科neuron神经元neuroma神经瘤细胞cellcytocellularleukocyte白细胞cytology细胞学cytoma细胞瘤眼eyeophthalmooculoocularvisualophthalmology眼科学ophthalmitis眼炎ophthalmalgia眼痛耳earaudioauditoryaudibleAudiometer听力计Audiovisual视听的audiosurgery耳外科鼻noserhinonasonasalrhinorrhea鼻溢rhinopharyngeal鼻咽的nasogastric鼻胃的口mouthorooralorolingual口舌的舌tonguelinguolingualsublingual舌下的lingustics语言学linguoplacement舌向移位咽喉throatlaryngopharyngolaryngealpharyngeallaryngectomy喉切除laryngitis喉炎pharyngitis咽炎气管airwayairpipeairpassagetracheatracheotrachealtracheostomy气管插管tracheoscope气管镜tracheoesophageal气管食道的Table2Examplesofdiseasedstates(部分病态术语)含义前/后缀示例病patho--pathypathogen病原,pathology病理学,nephropathy肾病,encephalopathy脑病病态-osis/-asisneurosis神经病,tuberculosis肺结核TB增多-osisleukocytosis白细胞增多症减少-peniapancytopenia全血细胞减少炎症inflammation-itisarthritis关节炎，hepatitis肝炎肿块-omalymphoma淋巴瘤，hematoma血肿,carcinoma癌疼痛pain-algia-algesiaanalgesia止痛analgesicsgastralgia血症-emialeukemia白血病，septicemia败血症,bacteremia菌血症anemia麻痹-plegiahemiplegia偏瘫，myoplegia肌肉麻痹坏死necro-necrosishepatonecrosis肝坏死，necrospermia精子坏死ovumsperm不良mal-malnutrition营养不良，malfunction功能障碍,malpractice医疗差错流出-rrheadiarrhea腹泻，rhinorrhea鼻溢,hypermenorrhea月经过多困难/障碍dysdysfunction功能障碍，dyspepsia消化不良,dyspnea呼吸困难无aatypical非典型的，asymptomatic无症状的,agranulocytosis粒细胞减少症复合/多poly-polyuria多尿，polyopia复视巨-megalysplenomegaly脾大，acromegaly肢端肥大症,hepatomegaly肝大结石litho-lithcholelithes胆结石，lithiasis结石症Table3Examplesofsurgicalterminology（部分外科术语）含义前/后缀示例切除-ectomygastrectomy,appendectomy,laryngectomy切开-tomytracheotomy,hysterotomy,craniotomy造口/吻合-stomycolostomy,ileostomy回肠造口,tracheostomy整（矫）形ortho-orthopedics,orthotherapy,orthosurgery造影-graphyangiography,nephrography,radiography经…trans-transurethral,transcutaneous,transfusion成形-plastyosteoplasty,myoplasty,esophagoplastyTable4Examplesofdirectionsandpositions(部分方向位置)含义普通前/后缀示例上upper,superiorepi-,supra-epigastric上腹部的，supraclavicular锁骨上的下lower,inferiorinfra-,sub-subclavicular,锁骨下的，subcostal肋下的,inferiorvenacava下腔静脉前front,anterior,priorfore-,ante,pre-,antero,forehead,前额，anteroposterior前后的/正位的后back,posterior,rearpost-,retro-,postero-postprandial餐后的，retroperitoneal腹膜后的内inner,internalIn-,intra,endo,ento-inhalation吸入，endoscope内窥镜,intracranial颅内的外outer,externalex-,exo-extract提取，excretion排泄,exocardial心外的侧lateralbilateral双侧的，unilateral单侧的,contralateral对侧的,isolateral同侧的旁/副adjacent,appendixpara-parathyroid甲状旁腺，paracancer癌旁周peripheral,aroundperi-perioperative围术的，perinatal围产的间betweeninter-intercostal肋间的，intercellular细胞间的中心centralcentro-,centri-centrifuge离心，centronucleus中心核横向,经...transversetrans-transfusion输血，transcutaneous经皮的Table5Examplesofcellsandcolors（部分细胞与颜色）含义前/后缀示例色chromo/cromochromosome染色体，cromolyn色苷酸钠红erythroerythrocyte,erythrocytosis白leukoleukocyte,leukemia,leukocytuira黑melanomelanoma黑素瘤,melena黑便青、蓝cyanocyanosis紫绀,cyanemia蓝血症淋巴lymphlymphocyte,lymphoma粒granulogranulocyte,granulocytosis成细胞blastfibroblast成纤细胞网状reticuloreticulocyte网状细胞嗜碱的basi,baso,alkalobasophil嗜碱性粒细胞嗜酸的eosino,acidoeosinocyte,eos(i)nophil嗜酸性粒细胞凝血的thrombothrombocyte凝血细胞（=血小板platelet）Table6Examplesofcompounds(部分化合物)含义前/后缀示例（酸）盐-atesulfate硫酸盐,nitrate硝酸盐,acetate醋酸盐醇-olalcohol酒精,taxol紫杉醇,ethanol乙醇,allopurinol别嘌呤醇醛-almethylal甲缩醛,retinal视黄醛糖-saccharide,glyco-,gluco-,saccharo-glycogen糖原,glucose葡萄糖,saccharide糖,polysaccharide多糖酮-oneketone酮，acetone丙酮,ketoacidosis酮酸中毒酶-asetransaminase转氨酶,reductase还原酶素-inheparin肝素,nuclein核素,erythromycin红霉素原-genantigen抗原,collagen胶原苯基/酚phenol-phenol酚（石炭酸）,phena