fricatives_and_affricates

1EnglishConsonants:Fricatives&Affricates/f//v//θ//ð//s//z//ʃ//ʒ//h//ʧ//ʤ/2PlaceofarticulationMannerofarticulationBilabialLabio-DentalDentalAlveolarPalato-alveolarPalatalVelarGlotalPlosive(清)(浊)pbtdkɡFricative(清)(浊)fvθðszʃʒhAffricate(清)(浊)ʧʤNasalmnŋLaterallApproximantwrjEnglishConsonants3BasicConcepts:vowelsandconsonantsVowels元音:soundsproducedwithoutobstructionoftheairstreaminthemouth.Inproducingthemthereisvibrationofthevocalcords(voiced)Consonants辅音:soundsproducedbysomeformofobstructionoftheairpassage(eithervoicedorvoiceless)classificationofconsonants辅音的区分方法:1.accordingtomannerofarticulation;2.accordingtoplaceofarticulation;3.accordingtothepresenceorabsenceofvoice(p.3-4)4Whatarefricatives?Fricativesaremadebypartiallyblockingtheairflow,thuscausingthefriction-likenoisecharacteristicofthesesounds.也叫擦音，由发音器官造成的缝隙是气流产生摩擦而发出的声音。/f//v/,/θ//ð/,/s//z/,/ʃ//ʒ/,/h/5Labiodental(唇齿音):/f//v/Dental(齿音):/θ//ð/Sideviewforthearticulationof/f//v//θ//ð/678910Alveolar(齿龈音):/s//z/Postalveolar(后齿龈音):/ʃ//ʒ/Sideviewforthearticulationof/s//z//ʃ//ʒ/111213[skʌŋk]讨厌鬼1718222324Whatareaffricates（破擦音）?Affricatesaresoundsproducedbyblockingoffthebreadth-streambetweenthetongueandgumridge,forastopandafricative.Thetermmeansa“blend”:consistingofastopandafricative./tʃ//dʒ/25Postalveolar(后龈音):/tʃ//dʒ/Sideviewforthearticulationof/tʃ//dʒ/Postalveolar(后龈音):/ʃ//ʒ/262728