第十一讲AdverbialClauses状语从句一、教学重点:1.英语状语从句的翻译2.汉语状语结构的翻译二、教学内容:1.英语状语从句的翻译2.汉语类似结构的翻译副词性从句•英语的副词性从句(状语从句)分为九种类型:•时间状语从句,地点状语从句,原因状语从句,目的状语从句,结果状语从句,条件状语从句,让步状语从句,比较状语从句,方式状语从句。•英语的状语从句译成汉语时,其在汉语译文中的位置可以灵活处理,既可放在主句前,也可放在主句后,有时还可以插在句子中间,它的位置没有定势,主要是看能不能使译文读起来比较流畅。Ⅰ.AdverbialClausesinEnglish-ChineseTranslation英语状语从句的翻译1、AdverbialClauseofTime1)TranslatingintoCorrespondingChineseAdverbialClauses•Whileshespoke,thetearswererunningdown.她说话时,泪水直流。•Hehadscarcelyhandedmetheletterwhenheaskedmetoreadit.他把信一交给我,就叫我念给他听。2)TranslatingintoChineseCompoundSentencesofParallelStructure•Shesangasshepreparedtheexperiment。她一边唱着歌,一边准备实验。Ⅰ.AdverbialClausesinEnglish-ChineseTranslation英语状语从句的翻译3)TranslatingintoChineseAdverbialClausesofCondition•Turnofftheswitchwhenanythinggoeswrongwiththemachine.如果机器发生散障,就把电门关上。•Abodyatrestwillnotmovetillaforceisexertedonit.若无外力的作用,静止的物体则不会移动。Ⅰ.AdverbialClausesinEnglish-ChineseTranslation英语状语从句的翻译2、AdverbialClauseofPlace•Makeamarkwhereyouhaveanydoubtsorquestions.在有疑问的地方做个记号.•Thematerialsareexcellentforusewherethevalueoftheworkpiecesisnothigh.如果零件价值不高,使用这些材料是最好不过的了。Ⅰ.AdverbialClausesinEnglish-ChineseTranslation英语状语从句的翻译3、AdverbialClauseofCause1)TranslatingintoCorrespondingChineseClauseofCause•Thecropsfailedbecausetheseasonwasdry.因为气候干燥,作物歉收。2)TranslatingintoChinesePrincipalClauses•Becausehewasconvincedoftheaccuracyofthisfact,hestucktohisopinion.他深信这件事正确可靠,因此坚持己见。•Pureironisnotusedinindustrybecauseitistoosoft.纯铁太软,所以不用在工业上。4、AdverbialClauseofCondition1)TranslatingintoChineseAdverbialClauseofCondition,orClausesofSupposition•Ifsomethinghastheabilitytoadjustitselftotheenvironment,wesayithasintelligence.如果某物具有适应环境的能力,我们就说它具有智力。•Shouldtherebeanurgentsituation,presstheredbuttontoswitchofftheelectricity.万一有紧急情况,请按红色按钮以切断电源。2)TranslatingintoChineseSupplementClauses•Youcandrivetonightifyouareready.你今晚就可以出车,如果你愿意的话。Ⅰ.AdverbialClausesinEnglish-ChineseTranslation英语状语从句的翻译5、AdverbialClauseofConcession1)TranslatingintoCorrespondingChineseAdverbialClausesofConcession•Whilethisistrueofsome,itisnottrueofall.虽然有一部分是真的,但不见得全部都如此。2)TranslatingintoChinese“Unconditional”ClausesSuchas“不管”、“不论”,etc.•Hegotthesameresultwhicheverwayhedidtheexperiment.不论用什么方法做实验,他所得到的结果都相同。Ⅰ.AdverbialClausesinEnglish-ChineseTranslation英语状语从句的翻译6、AdverbialClausesofPurpose•Weshouldstartearlysothatwemightgettherebeforenoon.为了正午以前赶到那里,我们应当早点动身。(我们应当早点动身,以便能在正午之前赶到那里。)•Steelpartsareusuallycoveredwithgreaseforfearthattheyshouldrust.钢制零件通常涂上润滑脂,以防生锈。(为了防锈,钢制零件通常需涂上润滑脂。)3.某些特殊状语从句的译法•一是由that引导的某些状语从句:•Abadbookistheworsethatitcannotrepent.•一本坏书因为无法消除其影响,所以更加有害。(注:“the+形容词或副词比较级+thatclause”引导状语从句,表示原因。)•Theveinsaredifferentfromthearteriesinthattheformerbringbloodbacktotheheart.•静脉与动脉的区别在于前者将血液导回心脏。•ItisnotthatIamunwillingtogowithyou,butthatI’mbusynow.•不是因为我不愿意跟你一起去,而是因为我现在很忙。•Shipswerebuilt,andkeptthoroughlyefficient,somuchsothatthecountryremainedsafeforverymanyyears.•兵舰造出来了,而且发挥了充分的作用,这个国家从此得以多年太平无事。•Theactwasthebolderthathestoodutterlyalone.•(因为)这完全是他一个人干的,所以这一行为更堪称大胆。•我能理解他的观点,因为我自己也有过类似的处境。(inthat)•Icouldunderstandhispointofview,inthatI’dbeeninasimilarposition.•不是因为我不喜欢这个工作,而是因为我现在很忙。(notthat)•NotthatIdislikethework,butIhavenotimeforit.•他非常无知,甚至连自己的名字都不认识。(somuchsothat)•Heisignorantsomuchsothathecannotreadhisownname.•二是由before引起的状语从句:•连词before词义单一,只表示“在…之前”,但是由于汉英表达习惯的不同,译成汉语时多种多样。•Itseemedalongtimebeforemyturncame.•似乎过了好大一会儿才轮到了我。•Studyhardbeforeitistoolate.•趁早努力学习。•Wehadbarelysatdownbeforeweheardbicyclesoutside.•我们刚坐下就听到外面有自行车的声音。•Wehadscarcelyleftourschoolbeforeitbegantorain.•我们刚离开学校就下雨了。•Theboyfelldownfromtheladderbeforeheknewit.•那个男孩不知怎么就从梯子上摔了下来。•Theyhadnotbeenmarriedamonthbeforetheyquarreled.•结婚未满月,夫妻已反目。2020/3/13•3.翻译状语从句时有较大的灵活性。有些状语从句,在不违背原文意思的前提下,也可以译成其他成分乃至独立的句子。•Shewillneveracceptanydictates,nomatterwheretheycomefrom.•她决不会接受无论来自哪一方面的任何霸道行径。(状语从句被译成了定语)2020/3/13•AwriterneedstobeaWaltWhitmanifhisfaultsoftechniquearetoberatedunimportantbesidethevigorofhispersonality.•一个作家必须有沃尔特·惠特曼那样的天才,才能以其磅礴的气魄,使人感到他在技巧方面的缺陷是无关紧要的。Ⅱ.AdverbialClausesinChineseComplexSentences汉语复句中的状语分句1、DiscerningSubordination•她不老实,我不能信任她。Sincesheisnothonest,Icannottrusther.•人不犯我,我不犯人。Wewon’tattackothersunlessweareattacked.•打肿脸充胖子,吃亏是自己。Ifyougetbeyondyourdepth,you’llsuffer.•种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆。Asyousow,sowillyoureap.•不到黄河心不死。Untilallisover,ambitionneverdies.Ⅱ.TranslationofSimilarStructureinChinese汉语类似结构的翻译2、UsingInanimateSubjects•一看到那棵太树,我就会想起童年的情景。Thesightofthebigtreealwaysremindsmeofmychildhood.•凭良心讲,你待我礼貌有加,我却受之有愧MyconsciencetoldmethatIdeservednoextraordinarypoliteness.•小梅心地善良,性情温和,对她朋友这种没有心肝的行为实在看不顺眼。Xiaomei'skindlyandgentlenaturecouldnotbutrevoltatherfriend’scallousbehavior.Practice:•WhenZhouEnlai'sdooropenedtheysawaslendermanofmorethanaverageheightwithgleamingeyesandafacesostrikingthatitborderedonthebeautiful.•活到老,学到老。Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.•不人虎穴,焉得虎子。Howcanyoucatchtigercubswithoutenteringthetiger'slair?•留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。Whilethereislife,thereishope.(Solongasthegreenhillsremain,therewillneverbeashortageoffirewood.)•以其人之道,还治其人之身。Dealwithamanashe.dealswithyou.(Paysb.backinhisowncoin.)Pract