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非谓语动词的各种形式：不定式一般式：todo/tobedone进行式：tobedoing完成式：tohavedonetohavebeendoneV-ing形式一般式：doing完成式：havingdoneV-ed形式一般式：done进行式：beingdone完成式：havingbeendone主语、表语todo做主语或表语表示具体的，特定的，一次性的行为；doing做主语或表语表示抽象的，一般性的行为，多无时间性；eg,Mywishistobeascientist.Playingcardsismyhobby.It’sagreathonortobehere.Hisanswerissurprising.It’snouse/gooddoing…It’sawasteoftimedoing…Thereisnopoint（in）doing…It’snotanyuse/gooddoing…It’soflittleuse/gooddoing…Whilewaitforthetrain,IhadalongwalkwithMary.Finishhishomework,Timwenttoplaybasketball.Hesatatthedesk,workonamathproblem.Workhard,you’llsucceedoneday.Whenofferhelp,heoftenrefusesit.Iftakeaccordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.Theoldmangotoffthebed,supportbyhisson.Thegirlmetwithanaccident,woundinthehead.Whenaskherfutureplans,thegirlsaidthatshewantedtobeadoctor.Encouragebyhisteacher,hestillhasnoconfidenceintheexam.Bearintoapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofschoolingProvidedtomorrowweretheendoftheworld,whatwouldyoudo?Honestlyspeaking,mybrother,Jack,isameanboy.Mybrother,Jack,honestlyspeaking,isameanboy.Mydearteacher,totellyouthetruth,Icheatedinthetestyesterday.独立成分做状语Generallyspeaking,Franklyspeaking,Honestlyspeaking,Judgingfrom/by,Considering…/Taking…intoconsideration,Totellyouthetruth,Seeing…（考虑到……）/Supposing…（假设，如果）Assuming…（假使）/Admitting…（虽说，即使）Provided/Providing…（如果）Comparedto/with…独立主格结构：n/pron.+v-ing/v-edadj.adv.todo介词短语Ihavemanygoodfriends,somesingle,somemarried,andsomedivorced.Hecamebackfromwork,athiefquietlyfollowinghim.Anotherchancegiven,Imustsucceedpassingthedrivingtest.Givenanotherchance,I…吾看三室两厅一感觉五（吾）看：lookat/see/watch/notice/observe三室（使）：make/let/have两厅（听）：listento/hear一感觉：feelV+宾语+do其被动结构为：宾语+be+过去分词+todo5+3+2+1—2+4：let/makefindcatchkeepleaveV+O+v-ing决心学会想希望拒绝设法愿假装主动答应选计划同意请求帮一帮+todoafford/strive/happen/wait/threaten/wouldlike/setout等考虑建议盼原谅承认推迟没得想避免错过继续练否认完成就欣赏禁止想象才冒险不禁介意准逃亡+doingbeusedto;leadto;devoteto;gobackto;stickto;objectto;can’tstand;getdownto;payattentionto;giveup;feellike;insiston;thankyoufor;apologizefor;bebusy(in);spend(time)in;havedifficulty/trouble(in);Haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in);resist;setaboutV+doing/todo但意义上有差别forget/remember/regret;stop/try/mean/goon/can’thelpV+doingsb/sth+todoallow/advise/forbid/permitWedon’tpermitsmokehere.Wedon’tpermitstudentssmokehere.Studentsaren’tbepermittedsmokehere.need/require/want需要+doingtobedonesbtodo★beworthdoingWecoulddonothingbut/otherthanwait.Wehadnochoicebuttowait.不定式在介词but/otherthan后面时，to的省略与保留。Wecoulddonothingbut/otherthanwait.Wehadnochoicebuttowait.不定式在介词but/otherthan后面时，to的省略与保留。Wecoulddonothingbut/otherthanwait.Wehadnochoicebuttowait.不定式在介词but/otherthan后面时，to的省略与保留。tell/show/understand/explain/teach/learn/advise/discuss/ask/decide/wonder/findout等+how/when/what/where/whether/who等+todowhy+doPleaseshowmehowtooperatethismachine.Iwantyoutoexplainwhymakethatstupidamistake.IwantyoutoexplainwhyJackmadethatstupidamistake.