04明代白银货币化与社会变迁

ChineseSocialHistoryReview----------------------------------------------------------------------------12314147156402~5271551~160040%824837490%50222%910311123041658930%4010%1/23613”1415·1617163518149341920··212223158824252627282930515760.520.370.40.25313214693334146635152536·37154138639480000~1500~15024000000404115874243444546148547156248495051527535455TimothyBrook””thelordofsilver5657585915008606162152463·64659666768691070””71727313210032741516757677787980118182831607213848580000868715~1688891290919293941518959697(1535)(1545)981399100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115147211611711811912012112214123124125126127128129130131(1596)1597~160530013213313413515””1361616137120032427·234119195842030··AndreGunderFrankReOrient:theGlobalEconomyintheAsianAge,UnivercityofCaliforniaPress,19985196261~2219917816~817199581617212200191994171011·1216321970131065141516··196617890~891182559199019107320199821199922198568023240·257226[]1984272829[][]303132033343519913637·38394041~426814344514546126474849050511982520535419405556TimothyBrook:theconfusionsofPleasureCommerceandCultureintheMingChina,p.238,UniversityofCaliforniaPress,Berkeley,LosAngeles,London,1998.57199358185960615305285311987621940636419356566424198867121143199968198369806~80770927~92871072·19937374751993761355199477785779318010718110698210708310708485198486199638711158820014890909192·93198794””1182001959619859798·9919941001011021958103010410510610719851910819871091101984111112113·1141980115[]198411611711801987119·19611201211221231990124·125·197512612701984128129130131·198613213334319621341991135(minus)(plus)101997136461041979137[]·1987SilverMonetizationandSocialTransformationintheMingPeriodWanMingInstituteofHistory,ChineseAcademyofSocialSciences,Beijing100732,ChinaAbstract:PerhapsthemostimportantchangeintheMingDynastywasthesuccessofthesilvermonetizationinChina.Infact,silverbecamelegalmoneyinthelateMingperiodfromanillegalstatusintheearlyMingperiod.However,silvermonetizationdidn’tappearundertheemperor’edictinthebeginning,itstrendrosebyaprocessfrombottomtotopinthesocietytheofficialacceptedsilverandpusheditsmonetizationfromtoptobottomthen.Asaresultoftheprocess,thefinanceandtaxationwasalmostfromcroptosilveraftertheChenghuaandHongzhireigns,whichshowedthetransitionfromthecropeconomyintheearlyofMingtothesilvereconomyinthelateofMing.Aseriesofchangesarosefromsilverinthewholesociety.Silvereconomyindicatedasproutofthemarketeconomy.Inthemarketoneofthebaseofeconomydevelopmentismonetaryeconomy.Itisnotenoughtogaineconomygrowthifweonlydependontheroleofcommodity20economy.Thisarticleurgesthatsilvermoneygrowthisakeytotransformationofthesociety.ItistostudythefunctionofsilvereconomydevelopinginthesocialevolutionofthelateofMing,itaimstoexplainthetransitionofsocietyinanewvisualfieldofmonetaryeconomy.Keywords:silvermonetization;socialtransformation;theMingperiod21