供应链管理基础之05节-能力需求计划

BasicsofSupplyChainManagementSession5CapacityManagementandProductionActivityControlVisualBasicsofSupplyChainManagement,Version2.1—August2001Session1:IntroductiontoSupplyChainManagementSession2:ForecastingSession3:MasterPlanningSession4:MaterialRequirementsPlanningSession5:CapacityManagementandProductionActivityControlSession6:InventoryFundamentalsSession7:InventoryManagementSession8:PhysicalDistributionSession9:QualityManagementandPurchasingSession10:Just-in-TimeManufacturingCourseOutline5-1aVisualBasicsofSupplyChainManagement,Version2.1—August2001Session5ObjectivesCapacitymanagementanditsrelationtopriorityplanningRatedorcalculatedcapacityCapacityrequiredforashoporderPurposeandactivitiesofproductionactivitycontrol(PAC)5-1bVisualBasicsofSupplyChainManagement,Version2.1—August2001Session5Objectives(cont.)ProcessoforderpreparationanddatarequirementsforaPACsystemTechniquesofschedulingPurposeofashoporderandnecessaryinformationImplementationandcontrolofworkordersInput/outputreports5-2VisualBasicsofSupplyChainManagement,Version2.1—August2001CapacityManagementPlanningandcontrollingresourcesneededtomeetproductionobjectivesPlanning:DeterminingresourcesneededtomeetthepriorityplanSelectingmethodstomakethatcapacityavailableControlling:Monitoringoutput,comparingwiththeplan,andtakingcorrectiveactionCapacitymanagementoccursateachplanninglevel5-3VisualBasicsofSupplyChainManagement,Version2.1—August2001FigureadaptedfromCPIMExamContentManual,APICS,1997CapacityManagementTechniquesCapacityRequirementsPlanning(CRP)PriorityManagementTechniquesResourceRequirementsPlanning(RRP)ProductionPlanRough-CutCapacityPlanning(RCCP)MasterProductionScheduleMaterialRequirementsPlanning(MRP)ProductionActivityControl(PAC)OperationSequencingInput/OutputControlPlanningLevels5-4VisualBasicsofSupplyChainManagement,Version2.1—August2001DefiningCapacityThecapabilityofasystemtoperformitsexpectedfunctionThecapabilityofaworker,machine,workcenter,plant,ororganizationtoproduceoutputpertimeperiod5-5VisualBasicsofSupplyChainManagement,Version2.1—August2001CapacityPlanningProcessDeterminethecapacityavailableTranslatethereleasedandplannedordersintocapacityrequiredSumupcapacitiesrequiredforeachworkcenterResolvedifferencesbetweenavailablecapacityandrequiredcapacity5-6VisualBasicsofSupplyChainManagement,Version2.1—August2001DeterminingCapacityAvailableCapacityavailableis“Thecapabilityofasystemorresourcetoproduceaquantityofoutputinaparticulartimeperiod”—APICSDictionaryAvailablecapacitycanbecalculatedormeasuredTocalculateavailablecapacity,identifyAvailabletimeUtilizationEfficiency5-7VisualBasicsofSupplyChainManagement,Version2.1—August2001AvailableTimeAvailabletime:dependsonthenumberofmachines,numberofworkers,andhoursofoperationNumberofmachines(ornumberofworkers)×hoursofoperationWhatistheweeklyavailabletimeforaworkcenterthathasfourmachinesandworkseighthoursadayforfivedaysaweek?5-8VisualBasicsofSupplyChainManagement,Version2.1—August2001UtilizationUtilization:PercentageofthetimethattheworkcenterisactiveExample:Workcenterisavailable120hoursaweek,butactuallyproducesgoodsfor90hours100%hoursAvailableorkedactuallywHoursnUtilizatioutilization75%100%12090=×5-9VisualBasicsofSupplyChainManagement,Version2.1—August2001EfficiencyEfficiency:ActualoutputratedagainststandardoutputExample:Aworkcenterisutilized100hoursperweekandproduces110standardhoursofwork%100workedactuallyHoursworkofhoursStandard×efficiency%110%100100110=×=5-10VisualBasicsofSupplyChainManagement,Version2.1—August2001Problem5.1Aworkcenterproduces90standardhoursofworkinoneweek.Thehoursscheduledare80,and70areactuallyworked.Calculatetheutilizationandefficiencyoftheworkcenter.Utilization=Efficiency==100%orkedactuallywHoursworkofhoursStandard×100%hoursAvailableorkedactuallywHours5-11VisualBasicsofSupplyChainManagement,Version2.1—August2001RatedCapacityRatedcapacity=availabletimexutilizationxefficiencyExample:Aworkcenterconsistsofthreemachinesandisoperatedeighthoursadayforfivedaysaweek.Pastutilizationhasbeen75%,andefficiencyhasbeen110%.Availabletime=Ratedcapacity=5-12VisualBasicsofSupplyChainManagement,Version2.1—August2001Problem5.2Aworkcenterconsistsofsixmachinesthatareavailable16hoursperdayforfivedaysaweek.Utilizationis80%,andefficiencyis110%.Whatistheratedweeklycapacity?Ratedweeklycapacity=5-13VisualBasicsofSupplyChainManagement,Version2.1—August2001DemonstratedCapacityProvencapacitycalculatedfromactualperformancedataExample:Overthepreviousfourweeks,aworkcenterproduced110,140,120,and130standardhoursofwork.Whatisthedemonstratedcapacity?Demonstratedweeklycapacity=standardhours/week5-14VisualBasicsofSupplyChainManagement,Version2.1—August2001LoadGeneratedbythepriorityplanningsystem(MRP)Translatesthepriorities,giveninunits,intotimerequiredateachworkcenterineachtimeperiodTakesplaceateachplanninglevel5-15VisualBasicsofSupplyChainManagement,Version2.1—August2001CapacityRequirementsPlanningNeedtoKnowTakeInformationFromOpenshopordersOpenorderfilePlannedorderreleasesMRPWhereworkisdoneRoutingfileTimene