ISO14001(英文版)(doc8)(1)

ISO14001GB/T24001-19961ScopeThisInternationalStandardspecifiesrequirementforanenvironmentalmanagementsystem,toenableanorganizationtoformulateapolicyandobjectivetakingintoaccountlegislativerequirementsandinformationaboutsignificantenvironmentalimpacts.Itappliestothoseenvironmentalaspectswhichtheorganizationcancontrolandoverwhichitcanbeexpectedtohaveaninfluence.Itdoesnotitselfstatespecificenvironmentalperformancecriteria.ThisInternationalStandardisapplicabletoanyorganizationthatwishestoa)implement,maintainandimproveanenvironmentalmanagementsystem;b)assureitselfofitsconformancewithitsstatedenvironmentalpolicy;c)demonstratesuchconformancetoothers;d)seekcertification/registrationofitsenvironmentalmanagementsystembyanexternalorganization;e)makeaself-determinationandself-declarationofconformancewiththisInternationalStandard.AlltherequirementsinthisInternationalStandardareintendedtobeincorporatedintoanyenvironmentalmanagementsystem.Theapplicationwilldependonsuchfactorsastheenvironmentalpolicyoftheorganization,thenatureofitsactivitiesandtheconditionsinwhichitoperates.ThisInternationalStandardalsoprovides,inannexA,informativeguidanceontheuseofthespecification.ThescopeofanyapplicationofthisInternationalStandardmustbeclearlyidentified.NOTE－Foreaseofuse,thesubclauseofthespecificationandannexAhaverelatednumbers:thus,forexample,4.3.3andA.3.3bothdealwithenvironmentalobjectivesandtargets,and4.5.4andA.5.4bothdealwithenvironmentalmanagementsystemaudit.2NormativereferencesTherearenonormativereferencesatpresent.3DefinitionsForthepurposesofthisInternationalStandard,thefollowingdefinitionsapply.3.1continualimprovementprocessofenhancingtheenvironmentalmanagementsystemtoachieveimprovementsinoverallenvironmentalperformanceinlinewiththeorganization’senvironmentalpolicy.NOTE－Theprocessneednottakeplaceinallareasofactivitysimultaneously.3.2environmentsurroundingsinwhichanorganizationoperates,includingair,water,land,naturalresources,flora,fauna,humans,andtheirinterrelation.NOTE－Surroundingsinthiscontextextendfromwithinanorganizationtotheglobalsystem.3.3environmentalaspectelementofanorganization’sactivities,productsorservicesthatcaninteractwiththeenvironment.NOTE－Asignificantenvironmentalaspectisanenvironmentalaspectthathasorcanhaveasignificantenvironmentimpact.3.4environmentalimpactanychangetotheenvironment,whetheradverseorbeneficial,whollyorpartiallyresultingfromanorganization’sactivities,productsorservices.3.5environmentalmanagementsystemthepartoftheoverallmanagementsystemthatincludesorganizationalstructure,planningactivities,responsibilities,practices,procedures,processesandresourcesfordeveloping,implementing,achieving,reviewingandmaintainingtheenvironmentalpolicy.3.6environmentalmanagementsystemauditasystematicanddocumentedverificationprocessofobjectivelyobtainingandevaluatingevidencetodeterminewhetheranorganization’senvironmentalmanagementsystemconformstotheenvironmentalmanagementsystemauditcriteriasetbytheorganization,andforcommunicationoftheresultslfthisprocesstomanagement.3.7environmentalobjectiveoverallenvironmentalgoal,arisingfromtheenvironmentalpolicy,thatanorganizationsetsitselftoachieve,andwhichisquantifiedwherepracticable.3.8environmentalperformancemeasurableresultsoftheenvironmentalmanagementsystem,relatedtoanorganization’scontrolofitsenvironmentalaspects,basedonitsenvironmentalpolicy,objectivesandtargets.3.9environmentalpolicystatementbytheorganizationofitsintentionsandprinciplesinrelationtoitsoverallenvironmentalperformancewhichprovidesaframeworkforactionandforthesettingofitsenvironmentalobjectivesandtargets.3.10environmentaltargetdetailedperformancerequirement,quantifiedwherepracticable,applicabletotheorganizationorpartsthereof,thatarisesfromtheenvironmentalobjectivesandthatneedstobesetandmetinordertoachievethoseobjectives.3.11interestedpartyindividualorgroupconcernedwithoraffectedbytheenvironmentalperformanceoforganization.3.12organizationcompany,corporation,firm,enterprise,authorityorinstitution,orpartorcombinationthereof,whetherincorporatedornot,publicorprivate,thathasitsownfunctionsandadministration.NOTE－Fororganizationswithmorethanoneoperatingunit,asingleoperatingunitmaybedefinedasanorganization.3.13preventionofpollutionuseofprocesses,practices,materialsorproductsthatavoid,reduceorcontrolpollution,whichmayincluderecycling,treatment,processchanges,controlmechanisms,efficientuseofresourcesandmaterialsubstitution.NOTE－Thepotentialbenefitsofpreventionofpollutionincludethereductionofadverseenvironmentalimpacts,improvedefficiencyandreducedcosts.4Environmentalmanagementsystemrequirements4.1GeneralrequirementsTheorganizationshallestablishandmaintainanenvironmentalmanagementsystem,therequirementsofwhicharedescribedinthewholeofclause4.4.2EnvironmentalpolicyTopmanagementshalldefinetheorganization’senvironmentalpolicyandensurethatita)idappropriatetothenature,scaleandenvironmentalimpactsofitsactivities,productsorservices;b)includesacommitmenttocontinualimprovementandpreventionofpollution;c)includesacommitmenttocomplywithrelevan