98艾滋病English PPT

WhatisAIDS？•HIVistheacronym(缩写)forthehumanimmunodeficiency(免疫缺陷)virus.HIVisclassified(分类的)asaretrovirus(病毒),atypeofviruswhichreplicates(复制)withinahostcellbyhijackingitsgeneticmachinery(机械)inordertomakemultiple(多重的)copiesofitself.•AIDSistheacronymforacquiredimmunodeficiencysyndrome(综合征)andisthestageofHIVinfection(感染)whereaperson‘simmune(免疫)systemisfullycompromised(妥协的),leavingthebodyopentoawiderangeofpotentially(潜在的)deadlydiseases.AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome2020/3/133InIndiahasreplacedSouthAfrica,acountrywiththelargestnumberofHIVinfections2020/3/134theactualnumberofpeopleinfectedwiththevirushasreachedeighthundredandfiftythousand.1.Mother-to-childtransmission•Throughtheplacenta,genitaltractandlactationpropagationWhyisAIDSsoterrible?•ThereisnotabletocureAIDSdrugs,havedevelopedsomeofthedrugcanonlytoacertainextenttoalleviatethesymptomsofAIDSpatientsandtoextendthelifeofthepatientsThespreadofAIDSway1.Mother-to-childtransmission2.Sexuallytransmitted3.Bloodspread4.blood-borne5.thespreadofsharedneedles6.foundanewway2.Sexuallytransmitted•Throughtheoppositesexorsexpropagation3.Bloodspread.thesamesyringedrugs,inputcontainingtheAIDSvirusbloodandproducts,etcThroughtheSharednodisinfectionofsyringeandneedleinjectdrugs,inputcontainstheAIDSvirusbloodorbloodproducts,useorwithoutdisinfectiondisinfectionislaxofvariousmedicalequipmentSusceptible•1,includinggaymen,bisexual•2.Drugaddicts•3.Hemophiliacs•4.Thosewhoreceivedbloodorbloodproducts•5.Sexualrelationswithhigh-riskgroupsin•6.AIDSandotherhigh-riskpopulation易感人群1.男性同性恋者包括双性恋者2．吸毒者3.血友病患者4．接受输血或血液制品者5．与高危人群有性关系者6．艾滋病的其他高发人群WorldHealthOrganization(WHO)recognizedDecember1stastheWorldAIDSDays.世界卫生组织将12月1日定为世界艾滋病日Redribbonmeaning:redribbonlikealink,willthepeopleoftheworldtogethertightly,commontofightHIV/AIDS,whichsymbolizesustoAIDSpatientsandHIVcareandsupport;Asymbolofourloveandlife'sdesireforpeace;WewanttousethesymbolofhearttoparticipateintheHIVpreventionwork.红丝带标志的意义：红丝带像一条纽带，将世界人民紧紧联系在一起，共同抗击艾滋病，它象征着我们对艾滋病病人和感染者的关心与支持；象征着我们对生命的热爱和对和平的渴望；象征着我们要用“心”来参与预防艾滋病的工作。2001Icare,andYou?“你我同参与”2003Live,letLive“相互关爱，共享生命”2008stopAIDS,keepthepromise“遏制艾滋履行承诺”2009UniversalAccessandHumanRights“普遍可及和人权”2010KeepthelightonHⅣandhumanrights“正视艾滋，重视权益，点亮反歧视之光”2011GettingtoZero“行动起来，向‘零’艾滋迈进”WhenitcomestoHIVprevention,thequestionthatmostpeoplewillaskis:CanIgetHIVfrom[BLANK]?ThetruthisthereremainsalotofmisconceptionsaboutHIVtransmission—oftenunderestimating,butsometimesevenoverestimatingpotentialrisk.•在艾滋病毒预防、大多数人会问的问题是:“我可以从[空白]获得艾滋病毒吗?“事实是仍然有很多误解HIVtransmission-often低估,但有时甚至高估了潜在风险。1.KnowtheDifferenceBetweenHighandLowRiskActivities•WheneverdiscussingHIVrisk,it'simportanttofirstestablishthefourconditionsthatmusttakeplaceinorderforHIVtransmissiontooccur:TheremustbebodyfluidsinwhichHIVcanthrive.Theremustbearouteoftransmissionbywhichbodyfluidsareexchanged.Theremustbeameansforthevirustoreachvulnerablecellsinsideyourbody.Theremustbesufficientlevelsofvirusinthebodyfluids..•每当讨论艾滋病毒风险,重要的是要首先建立的四个条件必须为了让艾滋病毒传播发生:必须有体液,艾滋病毒可以茁壮成长。必须有一个交换体液传播途径。必须有一个对病毒到达体内容易被病毒感染的细胞。必须有足够的体液中的病毒水平。2.TakePrEPtoReduceYourRiskofGettingHIV•Pre-exposureprophylaxis(PrEP)isapreventionstrategywhereinthedailyuseofasingleantiretroviralpillcansignificantlyreduceaperson'sriskofgettingHIV.•In2010,theiPrExStudyexaminedtheuseofPrEPamong2,499HIV-seronegativeMSM.Thelarge,multi-countrytrialfoundthatthedailyoraluseofTruvada(tenofovir+emtricitabine)reducedHIVtransmissionriskby44%.Among51%ofthetrialparticipantswithdetectablelevelsofTruvadaintheblood—meaningthosewhohadtakentheirmedicationasdirected—theriskofinfectionwasreducedby68%.暴露前预防•(预科)是一种预防策略在日常使用单一的抗逆转录病毒药物可以显著降低一个人的感染HIV的风险。2010年,iPrEx研究了预科2499名MSMHIV-seronegative的使用。大,多国试验发现,每日口服使用的特鲁瓦达Truvada(替诺福韦+emtricitabine)艾滋病毒传播的风险减少了44%。在51%的水平检测的试验参与者特鲁瓦达Truvada的血即那些吃药的指示感染的风险降低了68%。。3.AvoidCommonCondomMistakes•Thereisnoreasontobelaxwhenitcomestocondoms.Condomsarestillthebest,provenmethodforHIVpreventionshortofcompleteabstinence.Anddespitewhatsomemighttellyou,themainreasonthatcondomsfailisnotbecauseofthecondom,butbecauseofincorrectand/orinconsistentuse.Ultimately,safersexmeansusingacondomconsistentlyeachandeverytimeyouengageinsexualactivities.•没有理由松懈时,避孕套。避孕套仍然是最好的,证明方法预防艾滋病毒的完整的禁欲。尽管有些人可能会告诉你,避孕套失败的主要原因不是因为避孕套,但由于不正确的使用和/或不一致。最终,安全性行为意味着持续使用避孕套每一次你从事性活动。4.UseHIVTherapytoReduceYourInfectivity•TreatmentasPrevention(TasP)isanevidence-basedapproachbywhichHIV-infectedpersonswithanundetectableviralloadarefarlesslikelytotransmitthevirustoother.StudieshaveshownthatanHIV-infectedpersononsuccessfulantiretroviraltherapyisupto96%lesslikelytoinfectapartnerinamixed-statusrelationship.WhileTasPwasinitiallyseenasanadvocacytoolwhenfirstintroducedin2006(byDr.JulioMontaneroftheBritishColumbiaCentreforExcellenceinHIV/AIDS),itwasonlyin2010thatevidencefromtheHTPN052Trialsuggestedthatitcouldbeimplementedasapublichealthmeasuretoreducetransmissionratesfromapopulation-basedperspective.•治疗作为预防(TasP)是一个以证据为基础的方法,感染艾滋病毒的人与一个检测不到病毒载量不太可能传播病毒。研究表明,成功的抗逆转录病毒治疗艾滋病毒感染者是96%不太可能感染mixed-status关系的合作伙伴。尽管TasP最初视为一个宣传工具在2006年首次引入