鞍带石斑鱼工厂化育苗研究

MarineSciences/Vol.34,No.9/201023黄宗文,骆剑,林彬,郭仁湘,杨薇,陈国华(,570228)摘要:作者设计了一种新的鞍带石斑鱼(Epinepheluslanceolatus)工厂化人工育苗方法。测定了鞍带石斑鱼人工育苗过程中水环境因子和育苗水体浮游生物的种类、数量变化。育苗期间水温28.0~30.7;℃盐度为27.0~32.0;pH值为7.39~7.90;溶氧量6mg/L以上;中午池面平均光照3315.9lx;记录了1d的光照、水温、溶解氧和pH的变化;育苗池前18d只加水不换水,氨氮不断上升,最低值0.24mg/L,最高值2.53mg/L,育苗后期采取换水措施,氨氮迅速下降;育苗期间,水体除正常投喂的轮虫(Brachionusplicatilis)和桡足类外,池中出现浮游植物12种、浮游动物5种,浮游植物平均生物量6.92×106个/L,原生动物平均生物量0.74×106个/L。经过34d的培养,得到平均全长2.45cm鱼种,单位水体育苗密度300尾/m3,育苗成活率为2.73%。结果表明,用有效微生物群(effectivemicroorganisms,简称EM)+高级虾片调节水质的模式,可以保持育苗水质稳定,成功培育出鞍带石斑鱼幼鱼。关键词:鞍带石斑鱼(Epinepheluslanceolatus);人工育苗;水环境因子中图分类号:S962文献标识码:A文章编号:1000-3096(2010)09-0023-07(Epinepheluslanceolatus),(Perciformes)(Serranidae)(Epinephalus),,,,,[1],,,,,,,[2],,[2],,,[2~7]:,[3,4];,[3],,;,,[6,8,9],4~69~10,,32,;,,,[2,5],[3],,EM,,,,1材料与方法1.1育苗设施与材料()::,,5m×5m×1m;;:2010-03-31;:2010-06-18:(2007BAD29B01,2007BAD29B02);(hd09xm11):(1984-),,,,,E-mail:[e-mail];,,,E-mail:[e-mail]24/2010/34/925;,,,11:00~15:003000~5000lxEM:10L,20L,2kg,50L,::0.2kg1.2育苗方法与水质管理1.2.1:,80cm,8:0015:002EM:4,0.2kg,;3h,1.1/m31.2.21.2.2.12,,15~20/mL14,,8020,,5~10/mL1.2.2.2:,;,1~2cm;3~8cm;,,20~30cm1.2.31.2.3.1pH8:0015:00HACHHQ30DflexiMETER,;pHDELTA320pH,DT-1301LIGHTMETER1.2.3.2HACHDREL28001.2.3.3,3d11.2.3.4()300mL,150,(1%),1.2.3.5300mL,150,(1%),24h,,30mL0.08mL,(),250,,1.2.4;31,10~20,4%,,,500mL3~5,2结果与分析2.1育苗期间理化因子和浮游生物的变化2.1.12.1.1.1,28.0~30.727.0~32.0,,,,,,,,,,,,,(1)2.1.1.2,6mg/L,(2)2.1.1.3,,,,3,3,1d,,,;15~17(),2d,,MarineSciences/Vol.34,No.9/201025;21~23,1Fig.1Variationsoftemperatureandsalinityinbreedingwater2Fig.2VariationofDOinbreedingwater3Fig.3Variationofilluminationinwholeperiod2.1.1.44,pH7.39~7.90,,pH2.1.1.5,13,2hpH,(1),,,pH,,6:00,109.0lx,,,,;8:00,,,,,;20:00,0,,,4pHFig.4VariationofpHinbreedingwater2.1.2,4,1()71829,0.24,0.47,2.53,0.97mg/L,,,18(),,182.53mg/L,2.1.32.1.3.17,3d1,,2表124h育苗水体环境因子的变化Tab.1Dailyvariationsofenvironmentfactors()(mg/L)pH(lx)6:0030.46.967.62109.08:0030.46.797.59175810:0030.76.617.60487012:0031.16.587.61547014:0031.46.607.66118616:0031.46.567.62584.018:0031.16.497.73168.920:0031.06.537.70026/2010/34/92.1.3.2,4():75.77106/L,114.36106/L,157.71106/L,199.85106/L;:71.78106/L,110.74106/L,150.30106/L,190.15106/L(),,,表2育苗水体中出现的浮游生物种类Tab.2Planktonsinbreedingpools()71115191.(Chlorellasp.)2.(Nannochloropsisovulata)3.(Nitzschiasp.)4.(Cryptophytasp.)5.(Melosirasp.)6.(Prorocentrumsp.)7.(Diatomasp.)8.(Peridiniumsp.)9.(Oscillatoriasp.)10.(Chromulinasp.)11.(Closteriumsp.)12.(Gymnodiniumcoeruleum)1.(Strobilidiumgyrans)2.(Tetrahymenasp.)3.(Holophryasp.)4.(Urotrichasp.)5.(Heterotrophicflagellates)2.2鱼苗密度变化和育苗效果,41()11×103/m3,710×103/m3,192×103/m3,300.3×103/m3,,30,2.73%2.3鱼苗生长情况2.3.1,,,,2.3.23,,,,,,,,,,,2.3.37,0.250cm±0.02cm,,,,,,,,,,,2.3.410,0.350cm±0.01cm,MarineSciences/Vol.34,No.9/201027,,,,,,“”,,2.3.517,0.8cm±0.1cm,,“”,,,2.3.623,1.45cm,,,34,2.45cm,,,3讨论3.1水环境因子对育苗的影响[10](Epinepheluscoioides),27.3~30.5℃,;[11]25~27℃;[3](Epinephelusmalabaricus)24~29℃,,28~30.8℃,,[5]27~29.5℃[2]23.30~27.0℃pH[10,11][3,4]3.1.13,,,,,4000~5000lx3.1.2,0.20mg/L[12],264712596hLC500.5701.6091.683mg/L,476012548hLC501.7272.0502.141mg/L,,0.054~0.099mg/L[13](Scophthatmusmaximus),,48hLC5096LC502.4mg/L1.73mg/L;,48hLC5096LC501.82mg/L1.14mg/L,18,2.53mg/L,(GB3097-1997)B,0.051mg/L,,,,3.2EM菌+高级虾片的生态育苗模式,:,;,();;,;EM+:(1)[14][2],,,;(2),,,,,(Chlorella)[3~5],28/2010/34/9,,,,,,,,,,NH3N,NO2N,COD,,2,(2),,,,,;(3),,,,,,,3.3微型浮游生物进入育苗池的可能途径和意义,:(1),,,,;(2),,,,,,[15],S,,,:[1],,,[J],2008,28(4):36-40[2],,[J],2004,1:47-50[3],[J],2001,25(1):1-3[4],,[J],2004,3(1):31-34[5][J],2006,12:34-36[6],,,[J],2006,27(3):78-85[7],Epinepheluslanceola-tus(Bloch)[J],2002,17(7):20-21[8][J],2009,2:44-45[9],,,[J],2009,6:26-27[10],[J],2002,21(1):57-62[11],,[J],2003,6:14-15[12],,[J],1986,10(1):32-38[13],,,[J],2007,28(4):83-88[14],,,[J],2008,4(3):75-79[15][J],2007,6:54-55MarineSciences/Vol.34,No.9/201029IndustrialseedcultureofEpinepheluslanceolatusHUANGZong-wen,LUOJian,LINBin,GUORen-xiang,YANGWei,CHENGuo-hua(CollegeofOcean,HainanUniversity,KeyLaboratoryofTropicBiologicalResourcesofMinistryofEducation,HainanUniversity,Haikou570228,China)Received:Mar.,31,2010Keywords:Epinepheluslanceolatus;artificialbreeding;waterenvironmentfactorsAbstract:WereportedamodifiedindustrialbreedingmethodofEpinepheluslanceolatus.Thevariationsofwaterenvironmentfactors,aswellasthetypeandquantitiesofmicro-planktonswererecordedduringthewholeartificialbreedingprocess.ThefertilizedeggsofE.lanceolatuscouldhatchcompletelyanddevelopintonormallarvalfishesunderthefollowingconditions:28~30.7,27~32salinity,pH7.39~7.90,6mg/LDO,and3315.9lxaveragenoonilluminationintensity.Variationsoftheseenvironmentalfactorsduringthetimespanofadaywerealsorecordedeverytwohours.TheconcentrationofAmmonianitrogenwentfrom0.24mg/Lupto2.53mg/L18daysaftertheadditionofwater,anditthendroppeddramaticallyafterwaterrenewingatthelaterstage.Duringthewholecultureprocess,12typesofphytoplanktonsand5typesofzooplanktonsweredetectedinthebreedingpool.Theaverageconcentrationsofplanktonandprotozoawere6.92106/Land0.74106/L,respec