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200210136ForeignLanguagesandTheirTeeahing2002,No10SerialNO163(,210094):,、、,,。,。:;;;Abstaret:Moreandmoreimportanee15attaehedtolisteningcomprehenison,asabasielangueskill.Butlearnesrusuallypaymoerattentiontotheirimprovementofpornuneiation,voeabulary,grammar,ete,butignoretheeloselyrelatedbaekgorundknowledge,that15,theaeeumulationofsehemata.Thispaper,formtheangleofeognitiveyehology,diseuestheapplieationofcshematatheoryinlisteinngcomprehenisoneousers,inordertomoveawaytheobstaelesinthelisteningeomrPheenonproeedure.Keywords:sehemata,listeningpcoredure,infomrationporeessing,applieation:3Hig:A:10046038(2002)0002403、wilsa“,。”。,,。,。,,、、,,。“(SehemataThoery)”,。,“”,,,()(priorbaekgroundknowledge)(memory。ehemata),,。,。、。、。30F.CaBlrett《》(R。:enering)。“”,,。(slot),,。:,、。、、,()。、、。,,,、、。。“thereeording。ndstoringfunetion。facomputer”,,,,、、、,。、,,、。,,“”(actuaitng),,,,。:(1968),,:、B:20011206;20020509()24DOI:10.13458/j.cnki.flatt.002400。1.,、。。、、、,,、,。。,,。、,,。:M:Canyoulblylendme$50iunt1aPy?W:tI’5outofthequest10n.Q:ardthe,111n、ean?,outoftheqtltion,outofthequ~()of(Iutlon(),。。:W:hO,mycarbken!Fwcanlgetottheoff?M:ldmybner,1woddbehappyotlenditoty0U·Q:Whatdthennrn61?,,。2.,,、、、、、。,。。:W:Ex~me,.”.QUdyoupl~explianauttemperatueranddconiditagn?M:Ve,as~asl’veehcekthg『onthe“dandassl,1tonow,Smerk.Q:eredtihsconve,lmrn。porblytakeplace?a.Inadcotor,5office.b.Inamn,c.Inal】fercel℃0nl.d.Inavidstore.,,,,“d,’()“1℃merk,’(),,,b。:k,theaCplofJaPan,is~oftheestditointherld.h15oneoftherld,5nltmemdites1iceinthe20ththereisnotngofoldoTkyorinnginthedowntov1~.Afterthe~,thelleofOTkbanotrebiuldtrict.yBuilidllwentuPataftasticarteandbetween1945Ic】19),htedspiton~thanubl.useofhet”lplc〔~hddinOYkyoin1964,~y~stiad~,parksandhot~btotaexlre5itosrf1alloverthewDldr.sAaesrtoftraplddevment,1℃wever,11.nyplellhil、℃。sen.F-ingshortage,u,ld,`teidsvep~ntedsencengeotthey,butthavenlrnenthasgvelpr(rrTotalrtll11.,4:①。,。③。,。③1964。。④,、、、。,。。:①,,,、,;③、、。③。,,。Cent,theicty~desyandrebt.nI1923a11orearth-(sturekthedyt.Tl℃andsofple~iikldnL~leftd,asbiludi95colldifserbkeoutthlough-outOTk.tItcok~yotebrdhtedyt.n』gnrldwrn,k~destoryed~n.sAarestofthtesr25、:,,,。,,、、,。,。,、、、,,、、、,,,,,,,。(de~&Lch,1988),,,,。。、。(】dolli1984,):.i,“”“”。,,,,,,,、;,、、,、。、,、、。、,、;,、。(d~ngpn〔),。、,,“”。2.1)。《》Bgnl〕,,“ClstrI、yl,,,“ngy,’,、、。,“gnv’’,.。2)。(),,,。《》hTGytotsufr,,,,“hteoytotSu”,“n,’。,。,,,,,,。、,,,。,,。,。。“”,,,,、;,,。“”,,“、”“”。1,、。(》。,,,。(),“nnlon,’(,),,,、、、、、、、,,,、、,,,,。26:【1」Barlett.F.C.eRmembering:AStudy:nExPer:mentala,d、ial℃holo.CambridgeUnivesrityPrses,1932.[2〕Carrel,P.L.SehemaTh。andESLRead;ngPedagy.S(〕LQuarterly.1983,12.[3]nAderosn,B.Et,At,CrosseulturalSehemataandReadingoCm-PrehenslonInstruetion.OJu,nalofReading,Nvo.1984[41Anderson,A.&lyneh,T.Listeni,:9.()xford:()xfordUnlvers:zyPress,1988.〔5]Widdowson,H.G.e109aLoguaasm。niot:en.()x-ford:()xfordUniversitypress.1978.【6」.【M〕.:,1990.【7].〔J〕.,1998(4)〔8.【J〕.,1999(7).【9〕.〔J〕.,20()0(1)【10〕.【J〕.,1995(1).〔u〕、〔J〕、,1999(l).【12」.【J〕.,1996(3).【13〕.【J].,l996(4).〔14〕.BSE【J].,2000(3).〔].【J〕.,1996(2).〔16]、.(14)【Z〕.:,1997,【17」.【JJ.,21(1).「18].〔J〕.,2001(2).