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冠词TheArticle一、冠词的概念和作用1、概念：2、作用：1）单数可数名词前一定要用冠词。a(n)泛指单一、每一、任一指类别the特指指类别上文提到过的事物被修饰语限定的说话双方所默认的世界上独一无二的2）复数可数名词、不可数名词两可，意义有别。the零冠词3）固定搭配或名词新意a(n):aknowledgeofEnglishthe:forthemoment零冠词:outoforder上文提到过的事物被修饰语限定的说话双方所默认的泛指的一些事物指类别3、不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词的用法1）使用不定冠词的特殊情况：（aVSan)（1）用于有或没有形容词修饰的抽象名词前：agoodunderstandingof;apopulationof;ahistoryof;acollectionof;anareaof;adistanceof,alengthof(2)用于形容词修饰的“一日三餐”前：alightbreakfast;abigdinner;aquicklunch…(3)在有或没有形容词修饰的季节、日期前，泛指：TheaccidenthappenedonaSundayinJuly.ItwasaverycoldApril.(4)指不具体的任何物：AMr.calledyoujustnow.（5）相当于per“每一”的意思：Hisincomeisonethousandyuanamonth.(6)用于有good/greatmany修饰的名词复数前：HevisitedtheGreatWallagoodmanytimes.(7)用于形式为复数，但意义仍为单数的名词前：Readingisameansoflearning.(8)用于与动词同型的名词前：Let’shaveawalkandatalkatthesametime.(9)在and连接的两个名词前，用一个a(n)和用两个意义不同：Hewenttoseeateacherand(a)writer.(10)与of连用，表示“同一的”、“相同的”：ofakind同一种;ofanage同岁；ofasize大小相同(11)在固定词组中：Afew,alittle,alotof,abit,acoupleof,allofasudden,Asamatteroffact,inahurry,inaword,haveagoodtime,dosb.afavor,payavisitto,asarule,asawhole,inadayortwo,inaway,haveawordwithsb.,makealiving,takeabath,agreatdealof,haveacold(fever,headache),manyastudent………2)使用定冠词the的特殊情况：（1）世界上独一无二的天体、河流、海洋、湖泊、山川等与地理知识有关的名词前使用the:e.g.Asweknow,theearthmovesaroundthesun.ThePacificOceanisthelargestintheworld.TheUralsseparateAsiafromEurope.(2)发明的事物名称前或或濒临灭绝的动物单数名词前：e.g.Bellisgenerallyconsideredtohaveinventedthetelephone.e.g.Thetigerisindangerofdyingout.(3)在介词by后表示“由…来计算”之意：e.g.InEnglandclothissoldbytheyardinsteadofbythemetre.e.g.Cleaningwomengetpaidbythehour.(4)在比较级中，强调两者之间的比较且作主语、定语时：e.g.Theolderofthetwobrothersismydeskmate.e.g.Whichisthebiggercountry,CanadaorChina?(5)表示某个国家的形容词前加the则表示该国人：e.g.theChinese;theFrench;theIrish;theDutch(6)某些形容词前加定冠词the表示一类人：e.g.thehomeless;theyoung;thepoor;theblind;theold)(7)在形容词最高级、序数词、only、same、very前面：e.g.Whopickedthemostapples?ThisistheverythingIamlookingfor?Itmustbetheonlywaytosaveher.(8)在多数的饭店、电影院、博物馆、美术馆等的名称前：e.g.theHiltonHotel;thePalaceMuseum;thePentagon(9)在含有普通名词的专有名词前，机关、团体、党派、国家等：e.g.theUnitedKingdom;thePhilippines;theU.S.(10)在乐器名称前用定冠词the:e.g.Sheplaysthepiano/violinverywell.(11)在姓氏的复数形式前加the表示“…一家人”：e.g.theBlacks;theLis;theBushes(12)在某些大家都熟悉的事物名称前：e.g.Thewindisblowingstrongly.Theyaretalkingabouttheweather.Iliketogototheseasideorgotothecinema.(13)在固定搭配的短语中：e.g.intheend;cometothepoint;onthecontrary;inthemorning;inthedistance;ontheair;outofthequestion;inthemiddleof;ontheotherhand;3)不用冠词（即零冠词）的情况：(1)三餐、球类运动和娱乐名词前一般不用冠词：e.g.Whatdoyouhavefor__breakfast?Play__football/__basketball/__chess/__cards(2)节日、星期、月份、日期和季节前一般不用冠词。如用，则表示特指：e.g.Let’sgototheparkonSunday.SheisleavingonJuly3.NewYear’sDay;Father’sDay(3)在学科、语言、称呼及大部分疾病名称前：Ithinkmathismoredifficultthanphysics.Hediedofcancer.(4)表示“头衔”的名词用作宾语补足语和主语补足语时：e.g.weelectedhimmonitorofus.(5)在turn,go（当“变成”解）后的名词用作表语时，不带冠词：e.g.Hewasaworkerbeforeheturnedwriter.Hehasgonesocialist.(6)在as,though倒装分句中，名词不用冠词：e.g.ChildasTomis,youcan’tfoolhim.(7)在某些独立（主格）结构中的名词前：e.g.Hesatinachair,pipeinmouth.Bookinhand,Ienteredtheroom.(8)当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省略冠词：e.g.Theearthturnsfrom(the)eastto(the)west.e.g.When()fatherand()sonappeared,weallgouptogreetthem.(9)在一些含有两个并列名词的短语中：e.g.dayafterday;stepbystep;withknifeandfork;fromheadtofoot;shouldertoshoulder;arminarm(10)在by短语中表示方式时：e.g.bybike=onabike;byplane=?;bycar=?bytelephone(11)在纯专有名词前：(洲名、城市、街道、港口、机场、车站、公园等的名称）e.g.Asia;Mary;BeihaiPark;BeijingUniversity;(12)在固定短语中：atnight;athome;atfirst;gotochurch;inprison;outofquestion;indanger;onboard;onpurpose;inspace;inhistory;innature;insociety